Page 69 - IT_Play_V1.0 Class9
P. 69
Protocol Generally, there are two parts of an e-mail address: i.e., the login identity and the identity of the e-mail server,
A protocol is a set of rules or guidelines that govern how data is transmitted and received between devices both are separated by @ (at the rate) symbol. editorial@orangeeducation.in
or systems in a network. Protocols may be applied by hardware, software or a combination of the two. The User Name: The portion before the at (@) symbol
primary protocol of the Internet is TCP/IP protocol which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet is called the user name. It is unique to every User name Domain name
Protocol. TCP is responsible for connection-oriented transmission and IP is responsible for connectionless individual sending or receiving e-mails. Here it is (Login Identity) at (Identity of Server)
transmission that represents the logical address of the host machine, for example http:// for accessing HTML ‘editorial’.
documents, https:// for accessing some ‘secure’ HTML documents. Domain Name: It tells which type of server the user is using. It has two parts - mail server and top-level
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) domain. The domain name is common to all the individuals using a particular server or network for sending
or receiving e-mails. Here domain name is ‘orangeeducation.in’.
It identifies the location of a website or a web @ (At the rate): The @ (at the rate) symbol connects the user with the domain name.
page on the Internet. Each web page has a unique
address called a URL that identifies its location on ADVANTAGES OF AN EMAIL
the Internet. Web browsers utilises the URL to open Some of the advantages of an e-mail are:
or retrieve files on a Internet. The format of a URL Fast: An e-mail message can reach any corner of the world in seconds. e-mail messages are delivered much
consists of different parts. faster when compared to any conventional system of sending letters.
The first part of the address (URL) indicates the protocol or service being used. It gives information to the Cost-Effective: For sending and receiving e-mails, there is no fee. Once connected to the Internet, one
browser about the type of server to connect to and by which protocol. does not need to pay for sending a message.
The second part of the URL is a Full Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) which identifies the web address running Convenience: An e-mail message can be sent at any point in time from anywhere on the earth. An e-mail
on the server. message does not require the person receiving the message to be present at his/her computer at that
The third part is the path name which refers to the location of files. The path name is always preceded by a moment, unlike the telephone calls. The received messages are stored in the inbox of the account holder.
single slash ‘/’ after the domain name. The fourth part is the file extension. One can receive and read the messages as per convenience.
URL can be categorised into Absolute URL and Relative URL. Resource Saving: An e-mail does not require paper, envelope or stamp. It is digital in nature. So, the
Absolute URL: Absolute URLs are the URLs with a complete Internet address specifying the location of a wastage of natural resources is minimum.
resource. An Absolute URL includes protocol, host, path and name of the resource. Maintenance of Record: The sender or the receiver can always keep the records of the messages in the
section of the mailbox or on the computer as a soft copy.
For example : www.thetouchpad.com/index.htm.
Reusable: The e-mail messages can be reused or forwarded to other recipients as and when required.
Relative URL: A relative URL is not fully complete but it inherits the protocol, host and path information
from its parent document (the document file that links to it). Relative URLs are used to refer to links on the SIMILARITY BETWEEN EMAIL AND POSTAL LETTERS
same server as the page that contains them. Though e-mail and postal letters belong to different time periods, yet there are many similarities between
Most of the web pages are identified by relative URL where hyperlinks point to (last destination) documents them. Some of the similarities are as follows:
and other files which are located on the same site. eg. link.htm. Email can be said to be the advanced version of a postal letter. Just as a postal letter is sent to a specific
address, an e-mail is also sent to a specific address known as the e-mail ID. The e-mail ID is however
SESSION 9 Communication and Networking—Introduction to e-Mail shorter than the postal address.
Both postal letters as well as e-mails have a specific sender, receiver and message.
Electronic Mail (e-mail) is an online mailing service provided on the Internet by which one can send messages Earlier when the written messages were sent through postal services, most of the houses had a small mail
to any person around the world through computing devices. It has become the fastest, easiest and cheapest box near their main gates in which the postman used to deliver the letters. In a similar manner, we have a
means of communication for business, governance, administration, education, tourism, etc. mail box to which e-mails get delivered. This mail box is known as an inbox.
An individual who avails the service of the Internet must have a unique e-mail There is a channel (bus/train/aeroplane) through which postal messages traverse from one place to another
address. Messages can be sent and received using an e-mail ID that can be and then get delivered by the postman. Email messages also reach us through a channel known as the
accessed from anywhere at any time, as long as there is Internet connectivity. Mails Internet.
are received in a Inbox of an e-mail recipient. No two e-mail IDs can be identical.
For example, a typical e-mail address would look like: info@orangeeducation.com. LIMITATIONS OF AN EMAIL
Although emails are delivered instantly, the recipient may or may not read the mail at that moment. This
defeats the purpose of the quickness of an electronic mailing system.
ICT Skills-I 67

