Page 69 - IT_Play_V1.0 Class9
P. 69

Protocol        Generally, there are two parts of an e-mail address: i.e., the login identity and the identity of the e-mail server,
 A protocol is a set of rules or guidelines that govern how data is transmitted and received between devices   both are separated by @ (at the rate) symbol.   editorial@orangeeducation.in
 or systems in a network. Protocols may be applied by hardware, software or a combination of the two. The     User Name: The portion before the at (@) symbol
 primary protocol of the Internet is TCP/IP protocol which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet   is called the  user name.  It is unique  to every   User name  Domain name
 Protocol. TCP is responsible for connection-oriented transmission and IP is responsible for connectionless   individual sending or  receiving e-mails. Here it is   (Login Identity)  at  (Identity of Server)
 transmission that represents the logical address of the host machine, for example http:// for accessing HTML   ‘editorial’.
 documents, https:// for accessing some ‘secure’ HTML documents.    Domain Name: It tells which type of server the user is using. It has two parts - mail server and top-level

 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)   domain. The domain name is common to all the individuals using a particular server or network for sending
                   or receiving e-mails. Here domain name is ‘orangeeducation.in’.
 It  identifies  the  location  of  a  website  or  a  web     @ (At the rate): The @ (at the rate) symbol connects the user with the domain name.
 page on the Internet. Each web page has a unique
 address called a URL that identifies its location on   ADVANTAGES OF AN EMAIL
 the Internet. Web browsers utilises the URL to open   Some of the advantages of an e-mail are:
 or retrieve files on a Internet. The format of a URL      Fast: An e-mail message can reach any corner of the world in seconds. e-mail messages are delivered much
 consists of different parts.  faster when compared to any conventional system of sending letters.
 The first part of the address (URL) indicates the protocol or service being used. It gives information to the      Cost-Effective: For sending and receiving e-mails, there is no fee. Once connected to the Internet, one
 browser about the type of server to connect to and by which protocol.   does not need to pay for sending a message.

 The second part of the URL is a Full Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) which identifies the web address running      Convenience: An e-mail message can be sent at any point in time from anywhere on the earth. An e-mail
 on the server.    message does not require the person receiving the message to be present at his/her computer at that
 The third part is the path name which refers to the location of files. The path name is always preceded by a   moment, unlike the telephone calls. The received messages are stored in the inbox of the account holder.
 single slash ‘/’ after the domain name. The fourth part is the file extension.   One can receive and read the messages as per convenience.
 URL can be categorised into Absolute URL and Relative URL.     Resource Saving: An e-mail does not require paper, envelope or stamp. It is digital in nature. So, the
   Absolute URL: Absolute URLs are the URLs with a complete Internet address specifying the location of a   wastage of natural resources is minimum.
 resource. An Absolute URL includes protocol, host, path and name of the resource.    Maintenance of Record: The sender or the receiver can always keep the records of the messages in the
                   section of the mailbox or on the computer as a soft copy.
   For example : www.thetouchpad.com/index.htm.
                  Reusable: The e-mail messages can be reused or forwarded to other recipients as and when required.
   Relative URL: A relative URL is not fully complete but it inherits the protocol, host and path information
 from its parent document (the document file that links to it). Relative URLs are used to refer to links on the   SIMILARITY BETWEEN EMAIL AND POSTAL LETTERS
 same server as the page that contains them.  Though e-mail and postal letters belong to different time periods, yet there are many similarities between

 Most of the web pages are identified by relative URL where hyperlinks point to (last destination) documents   them. Some of the similarities are as follows:
 and other files which are located on the same site. eg. link.htm.     Email can be said to be the advanced version of a postal letter. Just as a postal letter is sent to a specific
                   address, an e-mail is also sent to a specific address known as the e-mail ID. The e-mail ID is however
 SESSION  9  Communication and Networking—Introduction to e-Mail  shorter than the postal address.
                   Both postal letters as well as e-mails have a specific sender, receiver and  message.
 Electronic Mail (e-mail) is an online mailing service provided on the Internet by which one can send messages      Earlier when the written messages were sent through postal services, most of the houses had a small mail
 to any person around the world through computing devices. It has become the fastest, easiest and cheapest   box near their main gates in which the postman used to deliver the letters. In a similar manner, we have a
 means of communication for business, governance, administration, education, tourism, etc.   mail box to which e-mails get delivered. This mail box is known as an inbox.
 An individual who avails the service of the Internet must have a unique e-mail      There is a channel (bus/train/aeroplane) through which postal messages traverse from one place to another
 address. Messages can  be  sent and  received  using an  e-mail ID that  can  be   and then get delivered by the postman. Email messages also reach us through a channel known as the
 accessed from anywhere at any time, as long as there is Internet connectivity. Mails   Internet.
 are received in a Inbox of an e-mail recipient. No two e-mail IDs can be identical.
 For example, a typical e-mail address would look like: info@orangeeducation.com.  LIMITATIONS OF AN EMAIL
                    Although emails are delivered instantly, the recipient may or may not read the mail at that moment. This
                   defeats the purpose of the quickness of an electronic mailing system.



                                                                                                     ICT Skills-I   67
   64   65   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   74