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  Industrialisation:  In  the  process  of  setting  up  industries
                   and  manufacturing  various  products,  we  are  destructing  the
                   natural components of our environment. While manufacturing,
                   industrial waste, garbage is being dumped into soil or water,
                   dumping  of  wastes  especially,  e-waste,  harmful  chemicals,
                   industrial effluents, packaging material, salts and other garbage
                   make the soil useless.

                 Types of Pollutants
                        Pollutant Type                    Definition                            Examples
                 Biodegradable Pollutants      Pollutants that break down         Vegetable waste, sewage waste, paper,
                                               naturally into harmless substances  wood, cattle dung, agricultural waste
                                               through moisture and bacteria.     from organic farms.
                 Non-biodegradable             Pollutants that do not break down  Plastics, insecticides, pesticides,
                 Pollutants                    into harmless substances and       chemicals like mercury or lead,
                                               persist for hundreds of years.     aluminum, glass.

                 Some of the other factors responsible for polluting the environment are as follows:
                   Exhaust fumes from vehicles contribute to air pollution.
                   Excessive use of agricultural chemicals (such as insecticides and fertilisers) affects soil alkalinity and pH,
                   harming soil microorganisms and other organisms.
                   Plastic waste, including bottles and bags, pollutes both land and sea, harming flora and fauna.
                   Dangerous gases like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane and carbon dioxide are released into the air,
                   contributing to atmospheric pollution.

                 Types of Pollution

                 Type of Pollution     What it is?       Consequences             Causes          Prevention Methods
                 Land Pollution      Damage to land  Diseases (e.g.,        Deforestation,       Reduce waste,
                                     due to harmful    dysentery, cholera,   harmful pesticides   segregate waste, plant
                                     substances.       typhoid), reduced    and fertilisers,     trees, adopt natural
                                                       land availability for   mining, heavy     and organic farming
                                                       forests, farms, or   construction.        methods.
                                                       homes.
                 Water Pollution     Contamination     Diseases (e.g.,      Sewage and           Avoid waste dumping
                                     of rivers, lakes   dysentery, diarrhea,  chemical waste     in water, proper
                                     and oceans        jaundice, typhoid),   discharge, waste    sewage and factory
                                     with harmful      adverse effects on   dumping, sewer line  waste treatment,
                                     substances and    tourism and fishing,  leaks, factory waste,  wise water use, avoid
                                     microorganisms. reduced drinking       oil spills.          harmful chemicals and
                                                       water.                                    medicines disposal.
                 Air Pollution       Addition of       Heart and breathing  Burning fuels, traffic  Use renewable energy,
                                     harmful gases     problems, cancers,   emissions, burning   avoid polluting
                                     and particles to   climate change.     waste and crop       vehicles, prevent
                                     the air.                               remains, pesticides  burning waste, avoid
                                                                            and fertilisers,     harmful pesticides and
                                                                            factory emissions,   fertilisers.
                                                                            construction dust.



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