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ECOSYSTEM
              It  can  be  defined  as  a  component  of  the  environment,  where  all  kinds  of  living  beings  (plants,  animals,
              microbes) live together and complete their requirements by their own demand-supply chain mechanism.
              The ecosystem consists of producers, consumers and decomposers. It includes all the living things which are
              living together on the earth and help each other to complete the life cycle of the environment.


                NATURAL RESOURCES
              A  resource  is  any  natural  or  artificial  substance,  energy,  or  organism  used  by  humans  to  support  their
              well-being and survival. Natural resources, such as air, water and minerals, occur naturally and are vital for
              life, while artificial resources, like biogas and plastics, are human-made and aid in societal development.

              Natural resources come in many forms. It may be a solid, liquid or gas. It may also be organic or inorganic.
              It may also be metallic or non-metallic.

              Types of Resources
                                                        Types of Resources









                Land Resources   Forest Resources  Energy Resources  Water Resources  Food Resources  Mineral Resources

                Land Resources: Land is a critical resource used by humans for various purposes, including production,
                 residence  and  recreation.  As  a  finite  resource,  it  serves  multiple  roles,  from  agricultural  activities  to
                 infrastructure  development.  The  efficient  management  of  land  resources  is  essential  to  balance  these
                 diverse uses and ensure sustainability.
                Forest Resources: Forests represent natural, self-sustaining ecosystems characterised by a vertical structure
                 created by trees. They provide essential materials such as wood for furniture, construction and energy for
                 cooking and heating. Forests also supply a range of products, including tannins, gums, drugs, spices and
                 various by-products derived from both flora and fauna.
                Water Resources: Covering approximately three-quarters of Earth’s surface, water is a fundamental resource
                 for all forms of life. It encompasses rivers, lakes, oceans and underground aquifers, playing a vital role in
                 agriculture, industrial processes, household needs, recreational activities and environmental conservation.
                Mineral Resources: Mineral deposits are naturally occurring substances found in the Earth’s crust that can
                 be extracted and converted into useful materials. These non-renewable resources include metals such as
                 iron, copper and aluminum, as well as non-metals like salt, gypsum and clay. Some minerals, such as gold
                 and diamonds, consist of a single element and are highly valued.
                Food Resources: Food resources are materials that provide nourishment to organisms. Plants serve as a
                 primary food source for herbivores and omnivores, while animals and birds are food sources for carnivores
                 and omnivores. Agriculture is the main source of plant-based food resources for human consumption.

                Energy Resources: Energy resources are materials that can generate heat, power, or electricity. They include
                 fundamental sources such as solar energy from nuclear fusion in the Sun, gravity generated by Earth and
                 Moon, nuclear fission reactions, geothermal energy from the Earth’s interior and chemical energy stored
                 in fossil fuels. While fossil fuels are widely used, they are non-renewable on a human timescale and pose
                 environmental challenges.



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