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Industrialisation: In the process of setting up industries
and manufacturing various products, we are destructing the
natural components of our environment. While manufacturing,
industrial waste, garbage is being dumped into soil or water,
dumping of wastes especially, e-waste, harmful chemicals,
industrial effluents, packaging material, salts and other garbage
make the soil useless.
Types of Pollutants
Pollutant Type Definition Examples
Biodegradable Pollutants Pollutants that break down Vegetable waste, sewage waste, paper,
naturally into harmless substances wood, cattle dung, agricultural waste
through moisture and bacteria. from organic farms.
Non-biodegradable Pollutants that do not break down Plastics, insecticides, pesticides,
Pollutants into harmless substances and chemicals like mercury or lead,
persist for hundreds of years. aluminum, glass.
Some of the other factors responsible for polluting the environment are as follows:
Exhaust fumes from vehicles contribute to air pollution.
Excessive use of agricultural chemicals (such as insecticides and fertilisers) affects soil alkalinity and pH,
harming soil microorganisms and other organisms.
Plastic waste, including bottles and bags, pollutes both land and sea, harming flora and fauna.
Dangerous gases like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane and carbon dioxide are released into the air,
contributing to atmospheric pollution.
Types of Pollution
Type of Pollution What it is? Consequences Causes Prevention Methods
Land Pollution Damage to land Diseases (e.g., Deforestation, Reduce waste,
due to harmful dysentery, cholera, harmful pesticides segregate waste, plant
substances. typhoid), reduced and fertilisers, trees, adopt natural
land availability for mining, heavy and organic farming
forests, farms, or construction. methods.
homes.
Water Pollution Contamination Diseases (e.g., Sewage and Avoid waste dumping
of rivers, lakes dysentery, diarrhea, chemical waste in water, proper
and oceans jaundice, typhoid), discharge, waste sewage and factory
with harmful adverse effects on dumping, sewer line waste treatment,
substances and tourism and fishing, leaks, factory waste, wise water use, avoid
microorganisms. reduced drinking oil spills. harmful chemicals and
water. medicines disposal.
Air Pollution Addition of Heart and breathing Burning fuels, traffic Use renewable energy,
harmful gases problems, cancers, emissions, burning avoid polluting
and particles to climate change. waste and crop vehicles, prevent
the air. remains, pesticides burning waste, avoid
and fertilisers, harmful pesticides and
factory emissions, fertilisers.
construction dust.
Green Skills-I 95

