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Parts of Speech  What Do They Do?  Example Sentences  Example Words  PARTS OF SENTENCE

 Noun  It refers to a person, place,  In the sentence, “Rahul bought  House, Clock and Ravi.  The construction of a basic sentence uses elements, such as Subject, Verb and Object. ‘Subject’ is a person or thing
 thing or idea.  a bike.” Both Rahul and Bike   which does an action, while a ‘Verb’ describes the action done by the subject, which is received by an ‘Object’.
 are nouns.               Sentences                   Subject                   Verb                     Object

 Pronoun  It is used instead of a   Rahul bought a bike and he   He, She, They and You.  I play guitar.  I  play  Guitar.
 noun.  is happy. In this sentence ‘he’   She teaches English.  She            teaches                   English.
 is used in place of the noun
 ‘Rahul.’          TYPES OF OBJECTS
 Adjectives  These are the type of words  Rahul bought a beautiful bike.  Big, Small, Heavy and Red.  There are two types of objects in a sentence, direct and indirect. The objects which are directly ‘acted on’
 that describe the noun.  In this sentence ‘beautiful’ is   by the verb are called direct objects. A direct object always answers the question ‘what’, for example, if the
 an adjective that describes   question is “what do you eat?”, then the answer will be ‘bread’, here bread is the direct object because it
 the noun ‘bike’.  answers the question ‘what’.
                 The indirect object answers the question ‘to whom’ and ‘for whom’, for example, “My father gave money to
 Verbs  Verbs are words that show  Rahul rides a bike. In this   Run, Eat, Think and Sit.  my brother”, here ‘my brother’ is the indirect object.
 action.  sentence ‘rides’ is the verb.
                 Here are some examples of sentences with direct and indirect objects:
 Adverbs  It adds meaning to verbs   Rahul rides the bike slowly.   Fastly, Before, Smoothly
 or adjectives.  In this sentence ‘slowly’ is an   and Neatly.  Sentence  Verb  Verb + What?  Verb + By whom/  Direct   Indirect
                                                                                                                object
                                                                                                     object
                                                                                   to whom?
 adverb.
                  Rohan sent a letter.            sent       letter                                letter
 The remaining few words such as wow, to, and, the, which, etc. are known as supporting words which help   Priya made a cake.  made  cake  cake
 join the main parts of speech.
                   ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
 Supporting Parts   Use  Examples  We speak many sentences in our day-to-day life but we don’t realise the diversity of sentences that we use
 of Speech       while speaking. It can be seen through the following examples:
 Articles  These words are generally used before nouns:  The flower smells nice.  1.  I taught you.
 An is used before a word with a vowel sound   Kids like seeing an aeroplane in   2.  You are taught by me.
 (a,e,i,o,u).   the sky.  We notice that there is a difference between both sentences. In the first sentence, the subject ‘I’ is the doer of
 A is used before the words that start with   Let me take a small nap.  the action ‘taught’ while in the second sentence, the subject ‘You’ is the receiver of the action ‘taught’. In this
 consonants (other than vowels).  way, the first sentence is in ‘Active Voice’ while the second sentence is in ‘Passive Voice’.
 The is used before specific or particular words.  1.  I taught you (Active voice).       2.  You are taught by me (Passive voice).
 Conjunctions  It joins two nouns, phrases or sentences. Some of   Ravi read the book. I read the   In ‘Active Voice’, the subject performs the action stated by the verb. In ‘Passive Voice’, the subject is acted
 them are: ‘and’, ‘or’ and ‘but’.  book.  upon by the verb.
 Ravi and I read the book.  Read the following Active and Passive statements:
 Prepositions  It connects one word with another word to show   The book is on the table.  Active Voice  Passive Voice
 the relation. They usually answer the question,   The ball fell into the well.
 ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’.  Shreya (subject) reads the novel  (object) in one   The novel  (subject) was read by Shreya (object) in
 Interjections  It expresses strong emotions or sudden reactions,   Hurrah!, wow!, oh no! and   day.  one day.
 such as happiness, surprise, excitement and anger.  thanks!  I (subject) will clean the house (object) every   The house (subject) would be cleaned by me
                 Saturday.                                            (object) every Saturday.


 SESSION  5  Writing Skills: Sentences  In Active Voice, the action expressed in the verb is performed by the subject.
                 Examples:
 A sentence may be described as a group of words that have a subject and a predicate. Let’s explore the     He ate an apple.     Ravi is playing football.     Prisha is reading the book.
 different parts of a sentence.






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