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Type A is one of the most common USB ports.
There are different versions of Type A USB ports i.e. USB 1.1, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. The USB 2.0 is black colour
coded and USB 3.0 is blue colour coded. USB 3.0 is the common standard and supports a data transfer rate
of 400Mbps.
Ethernet Port (RJ 45 Port)
Ethernet is a networking technology that is used to connect a computer to the Internet and communicate
with other computers or networking devices. The interface that is used for computer networking (ethernet)
and communication is known as Registered Jack (RJ) and RJ-45 post, in particular, is used for Ethernet over
cable. RJ-45 connector is an eight-pin connector.
The latest Ethernet technology is called Gigabit Ethernet and supports a data transfer rate of over 10 Gigabits
per second.
RJ-11
RJ-11 is another type of Registered Jack that is used as an interface for telephone,
modem or ADSL connections. It is the main interface in all telecommunication networks.
RJ-45 and RJ-11 ports look alike but RJ-11 is a smaller port and uses a 6-pin connector.
FireWire
FireWire is used with digital audio/video camcorders and personal computers (PC) and
offers sustained data transfer rates of over 3200 Mbits/s. FireWire was developed by
Apple Inc. and integrated into Apple PCs as its main communication interface. It is similar
to a USB port that facilitates a high-speed connection between a computer and peripheral devices.
SESSION 5 Basic Computer Operations
As you have already learnt, a computer is a system that consists of both hardware and software. Hardware
refers to the physical components, while software includes the programs and applications that run on the
computer. Both work together to perform tasks and enable the computer to function.
SOFTWARE
A computer can’t think or work by itself, it needs instructions to do anything. These instructions come from
software. Software consists of programs and applications that provide instructions to the hardware to perform
specific tasks based on what the user wants. For example, when you type a document, play a game, or browse
the web, software manages those tasks. There are different types of software for different purposes: operating
systems run the computer, applications help with tasks like writing or surfing the Internet, and utility software
keeps everything running smoothly and securely. Knowing about these different types of software helps you
use your computer more effectively.
Software can be broadly classified as:
Application Software: Application Software refers to programs that are designed to accomplish particular
types of tasks to meet a user’s specific needs.
System Software: System software helps the user to operate the computer system and utilise its different
resources. It coordinates the operation and functioning of a computer along with the attached hardware
components of the computer. System software acts as an interface or a bridge between the user and the
computer. Operating system is one of the most used system software. There are various types of operating
systems like Windows, Linux, iOS.
56 Information Technology Play (Ver 1.0)-IX

