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Domain Name
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a fundamental part of the Internet that makes browsing easy for everyone.
Think of DNS as the Internet’s phone book. It translates easy-to-remember website names, like www.example.
com, into numerical IP addresses, such as 192.0.2.1, that computers use to find each other.
Here’s how it works: When you type a website address into your browser, DNS servers help locate the correct
IP address for that name. If the server doesn’t know the address, it asks other servers until it finds it. This
process happens quickly, allowing you to access websites almost instantly.
Every website has a unique name, and the part after the final dot is called the Top Level Domain (TLD). TLDs
like “.com” for commercial sites, “.org” for organisations, and country codes like “.uk” for the United Kingdom
help categorise and identify websites based on their purpose or location.
Without DNS, you would need to remember and enter complex numerical addresses for every website you
visit. DNS simplifies this by using easy-to-remember domain names, making it essential for navigating the
Internet efficiently.
In DNS, codes of the country can also be included. The code comprises of two letters.
Some common codes of certain countries are:
Abbreviations Used To Denote Code Denotes the Country
.com Commercial Firms .au Australia
.edu Universities/Educational firms .uk United Kingdom
.gov Government Bodies/Organisations .jp Japan
.mil Military Organisations .fr France
.net ISP’S/Networks .in India
.org Non-Government/Non-Profit Organisations .us
.co National & Multinational Companies United States of America
.int International Organisations .nz New Zealand
Web Servers
A web server is a computer that stores and delivers websites to users on the Internet. Here’s how it works in
simple terms:
Receiving Requests: When you type a website address into your browser or click a link, your computer
sends a request to the web server to get that website.
Finding Content: The web server then looks for
the website files, like text, images, or videos, that Sending request a server
are saved on it.
Sending Responds: Once it finds the files, the
server sends them back to your browser, which Sending response to Client
then shows the website on your screen. Client
Handling Many Requests: A web server can
handle requests from many people at once, so Web Server
multiple users can visit websites without any problems.
Web servers use special rules (like HTTP or HTTPS) to make sure the information is transferred correctly
and securely. Popular web servers include Apache and Nginx. They are crucial for making sure websites are
available and can be accessed by people all around the world.
ICT Skills-I 65

