Page 28 - Information_Practice_Fliipbook_Class11
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Ayntachnbitninnannibbltncannbtn0norn1,nfournbitynltadnton16n(=24)ndifftrtntnnibblty:n0000,n0001,n0010,n0011,n0100,n0101,n
0110,n0111,n1000,n1001,n1010,n1011,n1100,n1101,n1110,n1111.nThuy,nannibbltncanntxmrtyynannuobtrnbttwttnn0nandn15.nn
AnytqutnctnofntightnbitynforoynanbStt.nAgain,nayntachnbitninnanbSttncannbtn0norn1,nnanbSttncanntxmrtyyn256n(=28)ndifftrtntn
ytqutncty.nThuy,nanbSttniynuytdntontxmrtyynannuobtrnbttwttnn0nandn255.nnThtnbSttyncannbtnfurthtrngroumtdntonforon
biggtrnunitynofnotoorS.nTabltn1.1nyhowyndifftrtntnunitynofnotoorS.n
1nBit = BinarSnDigit
8nBity = 1nBStt
1024nBStty = 1KBn[KilonBStt]
1024nKB = 1MBn[MtganBStt]
1024nMB = 1GBn[GiganBStt]
1024nGB = 1TBn[TtrranBStt]
1024nTB = 1PBn[PttanBStt]
1024nPB = 1EBn[ExanBStt]
1024nEB = 1ZBn[ZtttanBStt]
1024nZB = 1YBn[YottanBStt]
1024nYB = 1nBrontonBStt
1024nBrontobStt = 1nGtomnBStt
Tabltn1.1:nUnitynofnMtoorS
1.5.2 Types of Memory
ThtnotoorSnunitnconyiytynofnthtnfollowingntSmtynofnotoorS:
A. Primary Memory
PrioarSnotoorSn(alyoncalltdnoainnotoorS)niynuytdntonytortndatanandninytructonyntonbtnmroctyytdnbSnthtn PU.nDatan
andninytructonnoaSnbtnytortdn(writttnnintonotoorS)nandnrttritvtdn(rtadnfroonotoorS)nfornmroctyying.nnPrioarSn
otoorSniynoainlSnofntwontSmty:
● Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAMniynanrandoonacctyynotoorSninnwhichndatancannbtnrtadnfroonandnwritttnnontonanSnrandoonotoorSnlocaton.nItniyn
alyoncoooonlSnknownnaynoainnotoorSnornrtad/writtnotoorS.nAynthtnmrioarSnotoorSnytortyndatanandninytructonyn
ayyociattdnwithnmrograoyncurrtntlSnbtingntxtcuttdnbSnthtn PU,nthtndataniynnotnytortdnmtroantntlS.nThtndatanandn
inytructonynartnrttaintdninnthtnRAMnaynlongnaynthtncoomuttrnrtoainynconntcttdntonthtnmowtrnyummlS.nRAMnconttntyn
artnloytnwhtnnthtnmowtrnyummlSniynywitchtdnoff.n o,nRAMnniynalyonknownnaynvolatltnotoorS.
● Read Only Memory (ROM)
DataniynwritttnninnRtadnOnlSnMtoorSn(ROM)nuyingnymtcialiytdnhardwart.nnROMniynannon-volatltnotoorSnthatnytortynthtn
datanmtroantntlS,ni.t.nthtnconttntynartnnotnloytntvtnnwhtnnthtnmowtrnyummlSniynturntdnoff.nThtndatanacctyynfroonROMn
iyncoomaratvtlSnylowtrnayncoomartdntonRAM.nnDatanandninytructonynytortdninnROMnatnthtntotnofnoanufacturingnartn
rartlSntonbtnchangtd.nAnROMnvariant,nErayabltnPrograooabltnROMn(EPROM),nallowyndataninnEPROMntonbtnovtrwritttnn
uyingnanymtcialiytdnhardwartnotchaniyo.nWhtnnancoomuttrniynywitchtdnon,ninytructonyninnnROMnytartngtttingntxtcuttdn
tonoaktnthtncoomuttrnrtadSnfornuyt.nThtnmrograoninnROMnthatninitattynthtnmroctyynofnbringingnumnthtncoomuttrnforn
uytniyncalltdnthtnbootytramnmrograo.n
Various types of ROM are PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
14 Touchpad Informatics Practices-XI

