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4.nUltraBook
        5.n hrootBook


        1.2 CPU

        ThtnCtntralnProctyyingnUnitn( PU),nalyoncalltdnthtnmroctyyor,niynthtncoomuttr’ynbrainnandniynrtymonyibltnforncarrSingn
        outnallnthtnmroctyyingninnthtncoomuttrnySytto.nAn PUniynofttnnfabricattdnaynanytoiconductornchim,ncalltdnInttgrattdn
         ircuit(I ).nGivtnnantayk,nthtn PUniynmrovidtdnwithnanytqutnctnofninytructonyninnthtnnforonofnanmrograo.nFornthtntxtcutonn
        ofnanninytructonninnotoorS,nitngotynthroughnanninytructonncScltnwhichnfirytnfttchtynthtninytructonnandnthtndatan(ifn
        rtquirtd)nfroonotoorS,ndtcodtynthtninytructonn(whatnactonntonmtrforo),nandnmtrforoynthtnacton.nThtnrtyultnofnthtn
        coomutatonnoaSnbtnytortdnagainninnthtnotoorS.nThuy,nthtn PUncontrolynthtntntrtndatanflownandninytructonyninyidtn
        thtncoomuttr.nTonfacilitattnfunctoning,nthtn PUncoomriytynthtnfollowingncoomontntyn(Fign1.3):
        ● Registers
        Whiltnmroctyyingnanninytructon,nthtn PUnnttdyntonytortninnitynlocalnytoragtnthtninytructon,notoorSnaddrtyytynbtingn
        rtftrrtdnduringnthtninytructonntxtcuton,ndatanomtrandyn(onnwhichnomtratonniyntonbtncarritdnout),nandnthtnrtyultnofn
        thtncoomutaton.nFornytoringnandnacctyyingnthtninforoatonnotntontdnabovt,nthtn PUnrtquirtynhigh-ymttdnttomorarSn
        ytoragtnunity,ncalltdnrtgiyttry.n tvtralnrtgiyttrynartnalyontquimmtdnwithncircuitrSnfornmtrforoingntltotntarSnomtratonyn
        liktnadditonnandnyubtracton.nHowtvtr,naynthtnrtgiyttrynartnouchnoortntxmtnyivtnthannthtnoainnotoorS,nthtn PUnhayn
        onlSnanlioittdnnuobtrnofnthto.nn
        ● Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
        ThtnArithottcnLogicnUnitn(ALU)nofnthtn PUnmtrforoynallnarithottcn(n+,-,*,/)nandnlogicaln(>,<,>=,<=,<>)nomtratony.nWhiltn
        thtnrtyultnofnannarithottcnomtratonniynannuotricnvalut,nthtnrtyultnofnanlogicalnomtratonn(yuchnayn7<8)niyntithtrnTruenorn
        False.nThtnvalutynTruenandnFalsenartncalltdnBooltannvalutyninnhonournofnGtorgtnBoolt,nwhondtvtlomtdnannalgtbran
        (againnnaotd,nBooltannalgtbra,ninnhiynhonour)nthatnconyttuttynthtnbayiynofnallncoomuttrncoomutatony.nThtndatanforn
        txtcutngnanninytructonnoaSnalrtadSnbtnavailabltninnthtnrtgiyttrynornfttchtdninnthtnALUnrtgiyttrynfroonthtncoomuttr’yn
        otoorS.nThtnrtyultnofnancoomutatonniynofttnnytortdninnthtncoomuttr’ynotoorS.nn
        ● Control Unit (CU)
        Thtn  ontroln Unitn ( U)n controlyn thtn txtcutonn ofn inytructonyn andn thtn flown ofn datan aoongytn thtn coomontntyn ofn
        an coomuttr,n i.t.,n froon inmutn dtvictyn ton otoorS,n otoorSn ton ALUn andn victn vtrya,n andn froon otoorSn ton outmutn
        dtvicty.nItnytndyninytructonyninnthtnforonofncontrolnyignalyntonALUntonmtrforonthtnrtquirtdnarithottcnand/ornlogicaln
        omtratony.



                                                     tntralnProctyyingn
                                                          Unit

                                                         achtn
                                       Mainn           MtoorS
                                     MtoorS                               Inmut/Outmutn
                                                                            Dtvicty
                                                         ALU

                                     Backingnorn
                                     AuxiliarSn                          KtS
                                       toragt         ontrolnUnit             Data
                                                                               ontrol

                                                Fign1.3:n oomontntynofnan PU




          10   Touchpad Informatics Practices-XI
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