Page 20 - Information_Practice_Fliipbook_Class11
P. 20
Apple Macintosh:nAmmltnannounctdnApple Macintosh, thtnfirytnmtryonalndtyktomncoomuttrninn
thtnStarn1984.nItnwaynrtctivtdnvtrSnwtllnbSnthtninduytrSnandngtntrattdnanlotnofnotdiancovtragt.n
Butn itn wayn haomtrtdn bSn thtn factn thatn yoftwartn atn thtn totn mrovidtdn onlSn an coooand-lintn
inttrfact.n
PARAM 8000n-nIndia’ynfirytnindigtnouynyumtrcoomuttr,nthtnPARAMn8000,nwaynrtltaytdnbSn -DA n
inn1991.nItnwaynanoultmroctyyornySytto,nandnranktdnaoongytnthtnfayttytnyumtrcoomuttrninnthtn
worldnatnthtntotnwithnanbtnchoarknofn5nGflomy.
Simon Personal Communicator (SPC):nIBMnintroductdn ioonnPtryonaln ooounicatorn( P )nthtnfirytnyoartmhontninn
1992.nnAmartnfroonoakingnandnrtctivingnttltmhontncally,nitnyummorttdntoaily,nfacyioilty,nanto-donliyt,ncaltndarn(withn
anammointotntnychtdultr),ncalculator,ntltctronicnykttchnmad,nworldntotnclock,ninmutnycrttnnktSboardy,nhandwritttnn
annotatony,nandnannaddrtyynbook.n
Milestones in Evolution of Computing
1. Vacuum Tube Computers (1930s-1950s):n Thtn firytn gtntratonn ofn tltctronicn coomuttryn uytdn vacuuon tubtyn ton
mroctyyninforoaton.
2.nnTransistor Computers (1950s-1960s):nInnthtnytcondngtntratonnofncoomuttry,ntranyiytorynrtmlactdnvacuuontubty,n
oakingncoomuttrynfayttr,nyoalltr,nandnoortnrtliablt.
3. Integrated Circuit Computers (1960s-1970s):nInttgrattdncircuitynrtmlactdntranyiytoryninnthtnthirdngtntratonnofn
coomuttry,nrtyultngninngrtattrnoiniaturizaton.n
4.nnPersonal Computers (1970s-1980s):nThtnintroductonnofnmtryonalncoomuttrynoadtncoomutngnacctyyibltntonthtn
oayyty,nwithncoomanitynyuchnaynAmmltnandnIBMnltadingnthtnwaS.nThtnmtryonalncoomuttrynoadtnuytnofninttgrattdn
circuity.nnWhiltnAmmltndtvtlomtdnitynownnomtratngnySytton"clayyic"nMacnDO ,noicroyoftndtvtlomtdnM DO nfornthtn
IBM.n ubytqutntlS,nthtndtvtlomotntnofngramhicalnuytrninttrfactynoadtnthtnmtryonalncoomuttrynmomularnwithnthtn
oayyty.n
5. Networking and the Internet (1980s-1990s):n Thtn dtvtlomotntn ofn nttworkingn ttchnologityn andn thtn Inttrnttn
rtvolutoniztdncoomutng,ntnablingninforoatonntonbtnyhartdnandnacctyytdngloballS.
6. Mobile Devices (2000s-present):nThtnriytnofnoobiltndtvicty,nincludingnyoartmhontynandntabltty,nhayntranyforotdn
coomutngnSttnagain,noakingncoomutngnoortnmortabltnandnubiquitouynthanntvtrnbtfort.
7. Cloud Computing (2000s-present):n loudncoomutngntnabltnuytryntonmrocurtncoomutngnandndatanytoragtnytrvictyn
onnactualnuytnbayiy.nThuy,nthtnuytrynrtquiringnhigh-tndncoomutngnytrvictynfornyhortnduratonnofntotynwouldnnotn
havtntonmurchaytnandnthtnhighntndncoomutngnrtyourctynliktntxmtnyivtnGPUy.nnInyttad,nthtSnwouldnacctyynmowtrfuln
coomutngnrtyourctynandnytrvictynovtrnthtninttrntt.n
8. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (2010s-present):nThtnrtctntnadvanctotntyninnartficialninttlligtnctn
andnoachintnltarningnhavtnomtntdnumnntwnmoyyibilittyn forncoomutng,nyuchnaynautonooouynvthiclty,nvirtualn
ayyiytanty,nandnmrtdictvtnanalStcy.
1.1.1 First Generation of modern computers (1940 - 1956)
Thtnfirytngtntratonnlivtdnfroon1940nuntln1956.nThtninitalngtntratonnofncoomuttrynrtlitdnonnvacuuontubtynaynthtn
mrioarSnotoorSnandncircuitrSnfornthtn tntralnProctyyornUnit.nENIA n(EltctronicnNuotricalnInttgratornandn alculator)n
waynthtnfirytntltctronicncoomuttrndtvtlomtdninn1947natnthtnUnivtryitSnofnPtnnySlvanianinnthtnUnittdn tatty.nAynywitchingn
dtvicty,nvacuuontubtynwtrtnuytdninnthiynoachint.nAtnaboutnthtnyaotntot,nVonnNtuoannnmromoytdnthtnconctmtnofn
thtnytortdnmrograoot,nandnthtnfirytndigitalncoomuttrntonuytnanmrograoot,nED A n(EltctronicnDtlaSn toragtnAutooatcn
alculator),nwaynannounctdninn1949.
ThtSnwtrtntnoroouyninnyizt,nconyuotdnanlotnofnmowtr,nandngtntrattdnanlotnofnhtat.nThtSnouytnbtnhouytdninnymaciouy,n
air-conditontdnroooy.
6 Touchpad Informatics Practices-XI

