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Unit IV: Introduction to the Emerging Trends
10 EMERGING TRENDS
Chapter Outline
10.1 Artificial Intelligence 10.2 Big Data
10.3 Internet of Things (IoT) 10.4 Cloud Computing
10.5 Grid Computing 10.6 Blockchain Technology
Introduction
The accessibility of the Internet through computers, tablets, and smartphones has enabled the emergence of new
technologies that help us in our day-to-day activities. For example, Google Maps offers real-time traffic and route
information to help users get from one place to another via a route that saves them time. Similarly, Amazon Alexa is a
virtual assistant that responds to voice commands to play music, set alarms, get the weather forecast, read the news,
etc., as is Google Lens, which identifies objects in images and retrieves information pertinent to those objects. In this
chapter, we will introduce several emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and
blockchain, that will have a significant impact on the future digital economy and digital social interaction.
10.1 Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that aims to make machines so intelligent that they can
perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and
natural language understanding. AI systems often augment human capabilities by providing assistance or insights.
Also, several AI systems, such as autonomous cars, make decisions and take actions without human intervention. Such
systems are called autonomous systems. AI systems use various techniques such as machine learning, natural language
processing, computer vision, and robotics to learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions. Machine learning
attempts to learn from a training dataset to make decisions about new data. For example, by looking at a huge number
of X-rays of COVID and non-COVID patients, a machine learning (ML) tool may confidently indicate whether a new
X-ray relates to a COVID patient or a non-COVID patient. In fact, the ML tool may also mark appropriate regions in the
X-ray so that a doctor may quickly verify the findings of the ML tool. Natural language processing enables machines to
understand and interpret human language. By looking at millions of translations of sentences from French to English,
a machine learning tool can translate new text from French to English. Similarly, a computer vision system can detect
the presence or absence of humans in an image or video. Google Maps—an AI tool that helps us plan our route more
effectively. On our mobile devices or computers, the majority of us have already played some AI-powered games.
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