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20.  To facilitate grid computing, which of the following tools is used for resource sharing?
                  a.  Globus Toolkit       b. OGSA                c. Neither a nor b    d. Both a and b
              21.  Which technology is based on a distributed ledger that records transactions on multiple computers?
                  a.  Grid computing       b. Cloud computing     c. Blockchain         d. Artificial Intelligence
            B.  State whether the following statements are True or False.
               1.  NLP is used to develop AI systems.                                                     __________
               2.  Machine learning cannot be used to develop chatbots.                                   __________
               3.  Through NLP, text from one language can be translated into another.                    __________
               4.  VR is a type of immersive experience.                                                  __________
               5.  AI can help build intelligent robots.                                                  __________
               6.  Big data can be analysed using conventional tools such as MS Excel.                    __________
               7.  IoT devices can collect and share data through the Internet.                           __________
               8.  IoT network may not use the Internet at all.                                           __________
               9.  A GPS sensor cannot detect the location of a device.                                   __________
              10.  In the case of grid computing, the resources have similar hardware configurations.     __________
              11.  Blockchain can be used for the exchange of bitcoins.                                   __________
              12.  Private cloud infrastructure is owned and operated by a single organization.           __________
              13.  The blockchain is controlled by a central authority.                                   __________
              14.  Public clouds are accessible to anyone, while private clouds are only accessible to a specific organization.   __________
              15.  Public clouds are typically less secure than private clouds.                           __________
              16.  AI is a branch of machine learning.                                                    __________
            C.  Fill in the blanks.
               1.  ____________ aims to create intelligent machines that can make decisions and take actions without human intervention.
               2.  ____________ enables machines to understand and interpret human languages.
               3.  The success of a machine learning model depends on the quantity and quality of ____________ used for training it.
               4.  The speech recognition aims at converting spoken words to ____________.
               5.  ____________ robots are designed to operate independently without human intervention.
               6.  The three main characteristics of big data are ____________, ____________, ____________.
               7.  ____________ are devices that are used to detect changes in the physical environment and convert them into electrical
                  signals that can be transmitted over the IoT network.
               8.  ____________ is a technology that enables users access to computing resources and services over the Internet.
               9.  ____________ is a cloud computing model that provides users with access to software applications and services in virtual
                  mode.
              10.  ____________ is a type of distributed computing that involves sharing computing resources across a network.

            D.  Answer the following questions:
               1.  List any three applications of Artificial Intelligence.
             Ans.  Diagnosis of an illness, detect fraud, personalised learning
               2.  Name any three techniques used to develop AI systems.
             Ans.  NLP, Computer Vision, Robotics
               3.  Mention two ethical concerns raised by the use of AI  in our society.
             Ans.  Security, privacy, job displacement
               4.  Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised machine learning.
             Ans.   Supervised machine learning involves training a model on labeled data to make predictions or classifications based on
                  new unlabeled data. Unsupervised machine learning involves training a model on unlabelled data to identify patterns or
                  relationships in the data.


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