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Glossary
✥ Address Bus: It is used to transfer addresses of memory locations for the CPU to perform read/write operations in the memory.
✥ Alternate Keys: A candidate key that is not chosen as the primary key is called an alternate key.
✥ Analytical Engine: The analytical engine is a mechanical computer capable of solving any mathematical problem.
✥ Application software: Application software is designed keeping in mind the requirements of its end-users.
✥ Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of the CPU performs all arithmetic ( +,-,*,/) and logical
(>,<,>=,<=,<>) operations.
✥ Artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that aims to make machines so intelligent that
they can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception,
and natural language understanding.
✥ Attribute: An attribute defines the characteristics of an entity.
✥ Augmented reality: Augmented reality overlays digital information onto the real world, creating a hybrid experience that
blends the physical and digital worlds.
✥ BETWEEN operator: The BETWEEN operator checks whether a value is within a specified range (inclusive of both lower limit
and upper limit values).
✥ Big data: Big data refers to extremely large and complex datasets that cannot be easily managed, processed, and analyzed
using traditional data processing tools and techniques.
✥ Blockchain technology: Blockchain technology is a decentralized, distributed ledger that records transactions on multiple
computers, providing a secure and transparent way to store and transfer data.
✥ break Statement: break statement terminates the same loop in which it is defined and moves the control to the next
statement immediately following the loop.
✥ Cache Memory: The cache is used to store the frequently used instructions and data.
✥ Candidate Key: A set of attributes that uniquely identify each tuple in a relation is called its candidate key.
✥ Cardinality: The number of rows in the entity set of a relation defines the cardinality of the relation.
✥ Cloud computing: Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access computing resources and services over the
Internet, without having to purchase them at their workplace.
✥ Constraint: A constraint specifies the restrictions imposed on the data stored.
✥ continue Statement: The continue statement is also a jump statement, just like the break statement. When a continue
statement is encountered, the remaining statement(s) in the loop is skipped and the control jumps to the beginning of the
loop for the next iteration.
✥ Control Bus: It is used to transfer control signals between various computer components.
✥ Control Unit (CU): The Control Unit (CU) controls the execution of instructions and the flow of data amongst the components
of a computer.
✥ CPU: The Central Processing Unit (CPU), also called the process or, is the computer’s brain and is responsible for carrying out
all the processing in the computer system.
✥ Data Bus: It is used to transfer data between different CPU components.
✥ Data Definition Language (DDL): Data Definition Language (DDL) is used for describing database structure.
✥ Data Manipulation Language (DML): DML is used to retrieve and modify data.
Glossary 363

