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Sensors are critical components of IoT devices that enable them to capture and transmit data to other devices or
the cloud for analysis and processing. IoT sensors (also called IoT devices) are used to detect changes in the physical
environment and transmit them to other devices (possibly over the Internet) as electrical signals. These sensors can be
used to monitor a wide range of environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, light, sound, motion,
and location.
IoT sensors are often small and low-cost, making it possible to deploy them in large numbers in a wide range of
applications. For example, in smart homes, IoT sensors can be used to monitor the temperature, humidity, and lighting
conditions in different rooms and adjust them automatically based on user preferences. In agriculture, IoT sensors
can be used to monitor soil moisture levels and weather conditions and automatically control irrigation systems to
optimize crop growth.
IoT sensors can be connected to a range of network technologies, including Wi-Fi, cellular, and satellite networks. This
enables them to transmit data to a central server or cloud-based platform, where it can be analyzed and used to make
decisions and take actions in real-time. Here are some of the types of sensors commonly used in IoT:
1. Temperature sensors measure temperature and are used in heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems, smart homes, and weather monitoring systems.
2. Humidity sensors measure humidity and are used in HVAC systems, smart homes, and
weather monitoring systems.
3. Light sensors - detect light and are used in smart lighting systems and outdoor lighting
systems.
4. Pressure sensors measure pressure and are used in industrial control systems, automotive
applications, and building automation systems.
5. Proximity sensors detect the presence or absence of nearby objects and are used in
manufacturing, security systems, and robotics.
6. Accelerometers measure acceleration and are used in fitness trackers, smartwatches, and
automotive applications.
7. Gyroscopes measure angular velocity and are used in navigation systems, robotics, and
virtual reality systems.
8. GPS sensors detect the location and are used in navigation systems, fleet management
systems, and asset tracking systems.
306 Touchpad Informatics Practices-XI

