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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) enables smooth transmission of hypermedia documents, such as HTML
documents.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol ensures secure communication over the Internet.
1. What symbol shows that your connection is secure through HTTPS?
a. Tick Mark
b. Lock
c. Earth
d. Star
2. Which protocol helps a recipient who is currently offline to retrieve the mails?
3. Give full form of the acronym SMTP.
7.2.2 Domain Names
A device on the Internet is identified by its unique IP address, such as 142.250.206.99, comprising four set of numbers
separated by dots. As it is difficult to remember the numerical addresses, so the IP addresses' textual representation
(called domain name) is often used. For example, google.co.in is much easier to remember than a numerical IP address.
Further, an organisation may move its web pages from one machine to a different IP address. In such a scenario, all
that needs to be done is to map the domain name to the new IP address. Thus, the website users need not be told
the new IP address as they will use the same domain name. The Domain Name System (DNS) maps domain names
to numerical IP addresses. Domain names are organised hierarchically. Two popular top-level domains are edu for
educational institutions and com for commercial organisations. Examples of country domains include the domains in
(India) and us (the United States of America).
The Domain Name System (DNS) maps domain names to numerical IP addresses.
7.2.3 Web Hosting
Web Hosting is a service for hosting websites for users (clients) on the Internet. There are several options for hosting
a website, depending on the requirements and the budget. Typically, a web hosting service may belong to one of the
following types:
Shared Hosting: A single server (freely accessible or chargeable) may host several domains corresponding to different
organisations. Some service providers provide free space for hosting a website comprising a few web pages. Shared
hosting is an excellent choice for beginners. Free hosting usually suffices for personal websites. Typically, a domain
address (for a user website) provided by a free web hosting platform includes the service provider's name in the URL.
For example, as a business organization may not like another organization's name appearing in its website address
(URL), usually free hosting does not suit business organizations.
Virtual Private Server: A Virtual Private Server (VPS) offers dedicated resources for each user. VPS is the common
choice for small business organizations.
Own Private Servers: An organization may prefer to use its own server for hosting its website.
Cloud Hosting: Nowadays, cloud hosting of websites has become very popular. VPS are typically available in the cloud
environment.
A web hosting service typically provides facilities for creating and maintaining websites. It provides a web server running
on the host. The space is provided on the server for the files that constitute the website, including the databases that
260 Touchpad Informatics Practices-XII

