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COMPUTER NETWORKS:

                     7                                 INTERNET, WEBSITE, AND



                                                                          WEB BROWSERS









          Chapter Outline


          7.1 Introduction to Internet
          7.2 Introduction to Web Services





        In  the  previous  chapter,  we  studied  the  fundamentals  of  computer  networks,  including  their  components,
        evolution, topologies, and types, as well as the vital role that various network devices play. In this chapter, we
        will look at the essential components of the internet, such as URLs and the World Wide Web. We look at its
        various applications, which range from online and email to chat and VoIP. In addition, we deconstruct websites,
        distinguishing between webpages, static and dynamic content, and delving into the critical role of web servers
        and hosting. The chapter also covers online browsers, their typical usage, settings, add-ons, plug-ins, and the
        complexities of cookies, providing readers with a full overview of the internet's essentials.

        7.1 Introduction to Internet

        The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct various activities online.
        At the core of this digital revolution are concepts such as URLs, the World Wide Web (WWW), and their applications.
        The WWW encompasses a vast network of interconnected websites, email services, chat platforms, and Voice over
        Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications. Understanding the distinction between a website and a webpage is crucial, as it
        defines the structure and content organization of online platforms. Additionally, web pages can be categorized as static
        or dynamic, depending on their ability to change in response to user interactions. Behind the scenes, web servers and
        hosting services play a vital role in delivering websites to users. Web browsers act as gateways to the online world, with
        popular options such as Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. These browsers offer customizable settings, support for add-ons
        and plug-ins, and utilize cookies to enhance user experiences. Together, these concepts form the foundation of the
        modern Internet landscape, shaping how we interact with online content and services.

        7.1.1 Internet and WWW

        Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (also known as Tim BL) introduced the World Wide Web (WWW). He developed a browser,
        a server, and the first website. WWW is a collection of documents and resources (for example, music, documents and
        movies). Resources are identified using unique Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), also known as Uniform Resource
        Locators (URLs). The resources are hosted on computers spread worldwide and are linked by hyperlinks and URIs on
        the Internet. Web resources are typically accessed using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or Hypertext Transfer
        Protocol Secure (HTTPS), which adds security functionality to HTTP.

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