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Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) : These protocols are used for exchanging text,
audio and video messages over the Internet.
7.2 Introduction to Web Services
7.2.1 HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) enables smooth transmission of hypermedia documents, such as HTML documents. The
content on WWW is available in the form of hypertext documents containing links to jump from one document to another.
A hypertext document typically includes several links that connect its content to other documents on the web. A request
sent by a client to a web server is called an HTTP request. A response returned by the server is called an HTTP response.
HTTP and HTTPS
Nowadays, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) protocol is used instead of HTTP, ensuring secure communication
over the Internet. It enables data to be transferred in an encrypted format. For example, when we need to submit login
credentials to a bank, HTTPS protocol ensures the security of personal information. As another example, you may
connect to Facebook by entering the URL:
facebook.com
On hitting the enter key, the URL bar reads as follows:
On double-clicking on the URL bar (Facebook.com), the URL appears as follows:
Next, clicking on the lock symbol yields the following information:
Further clicking on the symbol will yield the following information about facebook.com
Computer Networks: Internet, Website, and Web Browsers 259

