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How does a Web Browser Work?
Suppose you want to access a webpage identified by the URL: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html
on your web browser. For this purpose, all you need to do is type https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.
html on the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) bar of your web browser and hit the enter key. Fig 7.3 shows the current
version of this webpage:
Fig 7.3: Webpage comprising the python data structures using lists.
The uniform resource locator (URL) has the following structure:
protocol://domain:port/path?query_string#fragment_id
• protocol: such as HTTP, HTTPS
• domain: domain name of the server
• port: typically, 443 for secure pages and 80 for the unsecured ones.
• path: the location of the resource
• query string (optional): any related term searched on the URL. For example, if you search for the term "using lists
as queues", the URL https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html changes to
https://docs.python.org/3/search.html?q=Using+lists+as+queues&check_keywords=yes&area=default
Fig 7.4: Result of query string "Using lists as queues".
Computer Networks: Internet, Website, and Web Browsers 255

