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Many computers, laptops, and monitors have speakers built right into them to listen to sound
of a particular frequency. If you want better sound quality and volume then separate speakers
can be connected to your computer.
Wireless speakers connect to your computer or smartphone using Bluetooth Technology.
They are portable and great for playing music anywhere.
Headphones: They are small speakers that you wear on or over your ears. They
allow you to listen to audio from a computer, smartphone, or other devices
without disturbing others around you.
These headphones connect to your device without wires, using Bluetooth technology. They
are great for moving around freely without being tethered to a device.
Earbuds are small headphones that fit directly in your ear. They are portable and often come
with smartphones.
Projector: A projector is an output device that takes images or videos from
a computer and displays them on a larger screen or wall. It’s commonly used
in classrooms, meetings, and events to show presentations, videos, and other
visual content to a group of people.
Software
Software is made up of programs and apps that make the computer useful. A program is a set
of instructions. You cannot touch the software, but it tells the hardware what to do. Software is
divided into two main categories: system software and application software.
System Software
It is a type of computer program which is necessary for the computer because it forms the
backbone of the computer. It enables other programs to run and helps the hardware and
software communicate for smooth functioning of the computer. Types of the system software
are as follows:
a. Operating System (OS): The operating system is like a manager of the computer that
manages all the hardware and software, allowing you to interact with the computer and run
different programs like playing games, browsing the Internet, or typing documents. Some of
the commonly used OS are Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.
b. Device Drivers: It is a special type of software that helps the operating system communicate
with hardware devices, like printers, keyboards, mouse, and graphics cards. It acts like
a translator, telling the operating system how to use the hardware properly so that it can
perform tasks correctly.
c. Utility Software: It is a type of software that helps you manage and take care of your
computer. Some of the commonly used utility software are Antivirus Software, Disk Cleanup
Tools, Backup Software, and Defragmentation Tools.
Application Software
It is a type of computer program designed to help you perform specific tasks or activities. It
is built for specific purposes, like writing, drawing, or managing data. It runs on top of the
Fundamentals of Computer 15

