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Joystick: A joystick is an input device mainly for video games and simulations.
                    It has a stick for controlling characters or vehicles on the screen, with extra
                    buttons for commands. Joysticks offer precise control and are popular in flight
                    simulators and racing games.
                 Processing Device- Central Processing Unit (CPU)

                 After  receiving information from input  devices, the computer  processes it using the Central
                 Processing Unit (CPU), often called the brain of the computer. The CPU has three main parts:
                    ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Handles basic math like addition and subtraction, and compares
                    things like greater than or less than.

                    CU (Control Unit): Manages the flow of data, making sure it moves correctly between input,
                    processing, and output, like a traffic controller.
                    MU (Memory Unit): Stores data, both processed and unprocessed.
                 Output Devices

                 Output devices are physical components that converts the processed data or information into a
                 human readable format. Some of the commonly used output devices are:
                    Monitor: A monitor is a common output device like a TV screen, also called a
                    Visual Display Unit (VDU). It shows what you type on the keyboard or other
                    input devices. Monitors come in different sizes, colors, and resolutions.

                                                             Printer:  A printer  is  an output device that produces
                                                           physical copies, like paper printouts. The output on a
                                                           screen is a soft copy, while the printer’s output is a hard
                                                           copy.


                      Speaker: A speaker is an output device that produces sound for listeners. It
                    connects to devices like computers, smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs to
                    enhance audio volume and quality.


                    Plotter: A plotter is an output device similar to a printer, but it is used for printing vector
                    graphics, such as maps and technical drawings. Instead of printing dots, a plotter uses a pen
                    to draw precise lines. Colour plotters can switch pens to create detailed and colourful designs.

                                                      Projector: A projector  is a  display device  that  projects  a
                                                 computer screen onto a flat surface, like a whiteboard or wall. It is
                                                 commonly used in home theatres or for official presentations in
                                                 businesses. A projector is a display device that projects a computer
                                                 screen onto a flat surface, like a whiteboard or wall. It is commonly
                                                 used in home theatres or for official presentations in businesses.



                    Headphones: Headphones are output devices worn over the ears to listen to
                    music or sound privately, without disturbing others.




                                                                                    Fundamentals of Computer     15
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