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Two powerful tools that help in problem-solving are algorithm and flowchart. Let us discuss
these in detail.
ALGORITHM
An algorithm may be defined as “a step-by-step procedure or set of rules to follow in order to
solve a specific problem or perform a task.”
In computers, an algorithm may be defined as “a step-by-step process that converts the given
input into a desired output.”
There may be more than one way to solve any problem, so there may be more than one algorithm
for a given problem. It is important in computer programming because it provides a systematic
way to identify and solve problems efficiently. Once we have an algorithm, we can translate it
into a computer program in any programming language.
Boost Bits
The term “algorithm” originates from the name of the 9th-century Persian mathematician
Al-Khwarizmi, whose work laid the foundation for modern algebra and algorithmic thinking.
Basic Guidelines to Follow While Writing an Algorithm
There are no well-defined rules and standards for writing an algorithm.
Some of the basic guidelines that we can follow while writing an algorithm are as follows:
It begins with the keyword "Start" and ends with "Stop".
It is written in simple, case-insensitive English-like statements.
IT is presented in a step-by-step, with or without numbering.
It should follows a logical flow: input à process à output.
It must terminates after a finite number of steps.
Advantages of an Algorithm
The advantages of an algorithm are as follows:
It is a step-by-step representation of a solution to a given problem.
It uses simple English-like statements so that it is easy to understand and write.
The problem is broken down into smaller pieces; hence, it is easy to convert it into a program
using any programming language.
Writing Algorithms
Algorithm 1: Write an algorithm for preparing a sandwich.
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Collect bread slices, butter, vegetables (lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers), cheese, and a knife.
Step 3: Spread butter evenly on one side of each bread slice.
Step 4: Place vegetables and cheese on one slice of bread.
Step 5: Cover with the other slice, buttered side facing in.
Algorithm and Flowchart 39

