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ISP: An ISP provides Internet access for a fee. It connects users to the Internet. VSNL (Videsh
Sanchar Nigam Limited) was the first Internet Service Provider in India in 1995. Nowadays, almost
all mobile companies provide Internet access. For example, Airtel, Vi (Vodafone Idea), Jio, etc.
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi allows devices like smartphones and computers to connect to the Internet wirelessly.
IP Address: In IP address is a unique number that identifies a computer on a network. It helps
locate the device on the Internet.
Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted over the Internet in
a certain time. Higher bandwidth means faster speeds. It is measured in terms of bits per
second (bps), or Bytes per second (Bps), Kilobytes per second (Kbps), Megabits per second
(Mbps), etc., usually expressed as a rate of data transfer over time.
WHAT IS SPAM?
Spam is an unwanted or junk message sent in bulk, usually via email, but it can also appear
through instant messaging, social media, text messages (SMS), and forums. Some spam messages
advertise products or services, while others may contain harmful links or attachments. A spammer
is the person who sends these messages. Most email services automatically shift the spam mail
into a spam folder of a mailbox.
You can also avoid getting spam messages by following the given steps:
Keep deleting spam messages on a regular basis.
Do not provide your email address to unknown websites or post publicly.
Avoid clicking on unknown links while browsing the Internet.
Do not reply to spam messages.
Download spam filtering tools and antivirus software.
Do not use your personal or business email address when registering in any online contest or
free services available on the Internet.
WHAT IS MALWARE?
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to damage computer systems or networks. It can be
in the form of files, scripts, or other software. Many early infections, like the first Internet Worm,
were created as experiments or pranks. There are different types of malware, such as viruses,
worms, and Trojans, each with specific purposes.
Virus
Virus (Vital Information Resource Under Siege) is a harmful software attached to a file. Once the
file enters your system, the virus spreads to other devices and becomes active when the file is
opened. Viruses can disrupt systems and cause data loss. For example, the Melissa virus in 1999
was one of the first to spread via email. A virus gains access to your computer through various
means, such as:
By downloading infected files.
By using infected pen drives, CDs, or DVDs.
By opening an infected file attachment of emails.
Browsing on insecure websites.
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