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Web Page: A single document or page within a website, containing text, images, multimedia,
or other types of content. Web pages are created by using HTML.
Website: It is a collection of related web pages and is identified by a common domain name,
like google.com, mathisfun.com, discovery.com, etc. Websites are hosted on a web server and
can be accessed via the Internet. A website may contain thousands of web pages.
Web Browser: It is an application software used to access and navigate the World Wide Web.
It allows users to view web pages, access websites, and interact with online content. Some of
the popular web browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari,
and Opera.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): The address that you give in the address bar of the web
browser, and it typically starts with “http://” or “https://” is known as the URL. It helps you
access the website on the Internet.
Homepage: The main page of a website that displayed when you visit a website is called a
homepage. It generally contains the hyperlinks for the other webpages.
Search Engine: It is a web-based application that allows users to search for information on
the Internet. Example of search engines are Google, Bing, or Yahoo.
World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as “the Web”) is a
system of interconnected hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser,
one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and
navigate between them using hyperlinks.
Email: Electronic mail is the process of sending and receiving messages over the Internet.
It is the most convenient, reliable, fastest, and inexpensive way of sending and receiving
information amongst people. E-mails can be sent using a unique email address from their
email account.
ISP (Internet Service Provider): A company that provides Internet connection and its
services to people or an organisation on a monthly fee basis and acts as a mediator between
the Internet and a user. VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) was the first Internet Service
Provider in India in 1995. Nowadays, almost all mobile companies provide Internet access. For
example, Airtel, Vi (Vodafone Idea), Jio, etc.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): A technology that allows devices such as computers, smartphones,
tablets, and smart home devices to connect to the Internet and communicate with each other
without the need for physical wired connections.
IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique
identification number assigned to a computer connected to a network. It has two main
functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. IP addresses are
written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1.
Bandwidth: This refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over the network
from one computer to another within a given amount of time. It is measured in terms of
bits per second (bps), or Bytes per second (Bps), Kilobytes per second (Kbps), Megabits per
second (Mbps), etc., usually expressed as a rate of data transfer over time. A higher bandwidth
indicates a faster connection capable of transmitting more data, while a lower bandwidth
means slower transmission speeds.
Cyber Security 103

