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Microphone: A microphone converts sound into digital audio, enabling it to
                                      be stored or processed on a computer. It captures audio input and is essential
                                      for tasks like recording, voice calls, and speech recognition.



                    Barcode Reader: A barcode is a series of parallel lines used for
                    product  identification.  Most  packages  feature  these  barcodes,
                    which  can  be easily read by barcode  scanners.  These scanners
                    shine a light on the barcode and detect the reflected light. The
                    scanned barcode  is then stored on a computer for invoicing
                    purposes.
                                           Magnetic Ink Character Recognition: Bank account numbers and other
                                         details on cheques are printed with a special magnetic ink, which can be
                                         read  by Magnetic  Ink Character  Recognition (MICR). This technology
                                         helps verify whether a cheque is genuine or counterfeit.

                      Digital  Camera:  A  digital  camera  can  serve  as an  input  device  by
                    capturing visual information in the form of images and videos. It can
                    be easily transferred to a computer for further processing, analysis, or
                    storage.
                                       Graphics Tablet: A graphics tablet, is a type of input device that consists of
                                     a flat, rectangular surface with a stylus (digital pen) used for drawing, writing,
                                     and interacting with graphical applications. It also takes handwritten work as
                                     an input and converts it into digital form.

                    Smart Card Reader: Smart card readers are devices used to read and
                    write data on smart cards. They have a slot where the card is inserted
                    and can update information or store secure data. They are commonly
                    used for security, logging into networks, and making safe transactions.
                                           Magnetic  Stripe Reader: A magnetic stripe reader is  an input device
                                         used to read data from the stripes on credit, debit, ID, and access cards.
                                         The information is written once and can be read multiple times.

                    Joystick: A joystick is an input device mainly for video games and simulations.
                    It has a stick for controlling characters or vehicles on the screen, with extra
                    buttons for commands. Joysticks offer precise control and are popular in flight
                    simulators and racing games.

                 Processing Device- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
                 After  receiving information from input  devices, the computer  processes it using the Central
                 Processing Unit (CPU), often called the brain of the computer. The CPU has three main parts:

                    ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Handles basic math like addition and subtraction, and compares
                    things like greater than or less than.





                                                                                    Fundamentals of Computer     15
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