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CU (Control Unit): Manages the flow of data, making sure it moves correctly between input,
processing, and output, like a traffic controller.
MU (Memory Unit): Stores data, both processed and unprocessed.
Output Devices
Output devices are physical components that converts the processed data or information into a
human readable format. Some of the commonly used output devices are:
Monitor: A monitor is a common output device like a TV screen, also called
a Visual Display Unit (VDU). It shows what you type on the keyboard or other
input devices. Monitors come in different sizes, colors, and resolutions. Most
monitors, smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs use LCD or LED technology
with tiny pixels. A screen’s resolution tells how many pixels are across and
down. Higher resolutions give clearer, sharper images.
Printer: A printer is an output device that produces
physical copies, like paper printouts. The output on a
screen is a soft copy, while the printer’s output is a hard
copy.
Printers can print text and images, with the most common types being inkjet and laser printers.
Inkjet printers print in color or black-and-white and typically print 12 to 36 pages per minute.
Laser printers use a laser and toner to produce high-quality prints quickly, but they are usually
more expensive than inkjet printers.
Speaker: A speaker is an output device that creates sound waves for
listeners. It can connect to computers, smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs
to improve audio volume and quality. Speakers vary in types, from basic
two-speaker setups to advanced surround-sound systems.
Plotter: A plotter is an output device like a printer but is used for printing vector graphics,
such as maps and technical drawings. Instead of using dots, it uses a pen to draw precise lines.
Colour plotters can switch pens to create detailed, colourful designs.
Projector: A projector is a display device that projects a computer
screen onto a flat surface, such as a whiteboard or wall. It is
most commonly used in home theaters or in organisations for
official presentations.
Headphones: Headphones are used to listen to music or sounds without
disturbing others. They are worn over the ears.
Hybrid Devices
Hybrid devices are gadgets that can do more than one thing. It can act as both an input and an
output device. Some of the hybrid devices are:
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