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                   \ 26-Sep-2025  Bharat Arora   Proof-10                                   Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

                  Understanding Fractions

                  An object that is complete in itself is a whole. The numeral 1 is used to show one
                  whole object. Each of the following objects represents a whole .

                            1 whole cake                       1 whole apple                      1 whole pizza
                  Most of the time we cut a whole into pieces to use or consume it.

                  Look at the following things and check if the pieces are equal or unequal.

                        Equal parts             Unequal parts               Equal parts             Unequal parts

                  When a whole object is divided into equal parts, each part is called a fraction of
                  the whole.

                          Knowledge Desk

                         The word ‘fraction’ comes from the Latin word ‘fractus’ which means ‘to break’. The Sanskrit
                         term for a fraction was ‘bhinna’ which also means ‘broken’.

                  half or one-half

                  When we cut a whole thing into two equal

                  parts, each part is called one-half. We write                                              +
                                  1
                  one-half as  .
                                  2                                                                1             1

                  Here, an apple is cut into two equal                                             2  (half)     2  (half)
                  parts. Both the parts are called halves               Be Aware
                                                                           1
                                    1
                   1  . We read   as 1 upon 2 or 1 by 2.               In   2 ,  the  bottom  number  2  represents  the
                   2                2                                  number  of  parts  the  whole  has  been  divided

                  Note that two halves make a whole.                   into. The top number 1 represents the number
                                                                       of equal parts taken.

                 132                                                                                    Mathematics-2

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