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                   \ 26-Sep-2025  Bharat Arora   Proof-10                                   Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

                  Reading Time When the Minute Hand is at 3 or 9 (Quarter the Hour)

                  We know that:
                                                                                                        Be Aware
                  1 hour = 60 minutes                                               10 11 4th 12 1st 1  2  •  1 quarter means

                  And there are 4 quarters in an hour.                              9 8  quarter quarter  4 3  one-fourth of a
                                                                                        3rd
                                                                                           2nd
                                                                                       quarter quarter
                                              1                                       7  6  5           whole.
                  So, 1 quarter hour or   of an hour = 15 minutes.
                                              4
                  Quarter Past an Hour
                  When the minute hand is at 3 and the hour hand is slightly ahead of the number,

                  the time is read as quarter past an hour.

                    Look at the clock given below.

                                                       The minute hand is at 3 and the hour hand is slightly
                         11  12  1
                       10       2                      ahead of 4. So, the time is quarter past 4 or 15
                       9         3
                        8       4                      minutes past 4. It is written as 4:15. The digital clock
                         7  6  5                       also shows the same time.

                  Quarter To an Hour

                  When the minute hand is at 9 and the hour hand is slightly behind the number, the
                  time is read as quarter to an hour.

                    Look at the clock given below.
                                                                                              11  12  1
                    The minute hand is at 9 and the hour hand is slightly                   9 10     2 3
                    behind 4. So, the time is quarter to 4 or 15 minutes                    8        4
                                                                                              7  6  5
                    to 4. It is written as 3:45.

                   Let us understand o’clock, half
                   past, quarter to and quarter past                     Knowledge Desk

                   using a diagram as shown below.                    Before clocks, people used sundials to tell time
                                                                      by watching shadows change with the sunlight.
                                     o’clock                          The Vrihat Samrat Yantra in Jaipur is the
                                                                      world’s largest stone sundial.
                                     11  12  1
                                   10       2
                        quarter   9          3    quarter
                          to                       past                              Math Insight
                                   8        4
                                     7  6  5                        l  Half past means 30 minutes after an hour.
                                                                    l  Quarter past means 15 minutes after an hour.
                                    half past
                                                                    l  Quarter to means 15 minutes before an hour.

                 174                                                                                    Mathematics-2

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