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math
OPerAtIONS ON lArge NUMBerS

Addition estimation

TL L tth th H T O The operations (+, –, ×, ÷) of two numbers can be
1 1 estimated by rounding off the numbers suitably.
3 2 3 4 5 7 8 Addend (i) 4,950 + 1,220 (ii) 2325 – 999
+ 2 3 5 5 5 0 0 Addend Estimated sum Estimated difference
5 5 9 0 0 7 8 Sum 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

Subtraction + 1 0 0 0 – 1 0 0 0
6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
TL L tth th H T O
11 12 (iii) 1,125 × 6 (iv) 5,500 ÷ 50
2 1 2 14 Estimated product Estimated quotient
3 2 3 4 5 7 8 Minuend 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0
– 2 3 5 5 5 0 0 Subtrahend
0 8 7 9 0 7 8 Difference × 1 0 ÷ 1 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 6 0
Multiplication

TL L tth th H T O Simplifications
4 5 2 1
× 1 2 10 + 2 dMAS rule
9 0 4 2 4521 × 2 Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction
+ 4 5 2 1 0 4521 × 10
5 4 2 5 2 d M A S
240 – 15 ÷ 3 + 7 × 2 of 6
= 240 – 15 ÷ 3 + 7 × 12 (Doing ‘of’: 2 of 6 = 2 × 6)
division
= 240 – 5 + 7 × 12 (Dividing 15 ÷ 3)
Quotient = 240 – 5 + 84 (Multiplying 7 × 12)
Divisor Dividend = 324 – 5 (Adding 240 + 84)
Quotient × Divisor + Remainder = Dividend = 319 (Subtracting 324 – 5)
3 7 5 4 BOdMAS rule: To simplify numerical expressions along
23 8 6 3 4 2 with brackets, we use the BOdMAS rule.
6 9 B O d M A S
1 7 3 Brackets
1 6 1 'Of'
1 2 4
1 1 5 Division
9 2 Multiplication
9 2 Addition
0 Remainder Subtraction

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Cross-Curricular Learning
There are eight planets in our solar system. They are: Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The Earth is the third
planet from the Sun and the only place that’s inhabited by living things.
The land area of the Earth is 14,83,26,000 sq. km and water area is
36,17,40,000 sq. km. What is the total area of the earth?

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