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Understanding Fractions
An object that is complete in itself is a whole. The numeral 1 is used to show one whole
object. Each of the following objects represents a whole.
1 whole cake 1 whole apple 1 whole pizza
Most of the time we cut a whole into pieces to use or consume it.
Look at the following things whether the pieces are equal or unequal.
Equal parts Unequal parts Equal parts Unequal parts
When a whole object is divided into equal parts, each part is called a fraction.
Knowledge Desk
The word ‘fraction’ comes from the Latin word ‘fractus’ means ‘to break’. The Sanskrit term
for a fraction was ‘bhinna’ which also means ‘broken’.
half or one-half
When we cut a whole thing into two +
equal parts, each part is called one-half.
1
We write one-half as . 1 1
2 (half) (half)
2 2
Here, one apple is cut into two equal
1 1
parts. Both the parts are called halves . We read as 1 upon 2 or 1 by 2.
2 2
Note that two halves make a whole.
104 Mathematics-3
