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    E:\Working\Focus_Learning\Math_Genius_3_(11-09-2024)\Open_Files\CHAP_01
                 \ 11-Sep-2024  Surender Prajapati   Proof-4                                  Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

                   roman numerals                    I         V          X          L         C          D         M
                   Hindu-arabic numerals             1         5         10         50        100       500       1000

                  A combination of these letters, when arranged in the correct order, represents a counting
                  system.

                  This system does not use place value to write the numbers. In the Roman system, there is
                  no symbol for zero. Instead, there are certain rules that need to                  Remember
                  be followed to represent the numbers according to this system.                Only I, X, C and M can be
                  rule 1:  If a symbol is repeated, its value is added as many times            repeated three times to

                           as it occurs.                                                        write Roman numerals.

                  example: (a)    II = 1 + 1 = 2             (b)    III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3     (c)    XX = 10 + 10 = 20
                  rule 2:  If the smaller numeral is to the left of the bigger numeral, subtract it from the

                           bigger numeral.

                  example: (a)    IV = 5 – 1 = 4             (b)    IX = 10 – 1 = 9         (c)    XL = 50 – 10 = 40
                  rule 3: If the smaller numeral is to the right of the bigger numeral, add the two numerals.

                  example: (a)    VI = 5 + 1 = 6             (b)    XI = 10 + 1 = 11        (c)    LX = 50 + 10 = 60

                  rule 4:  If the smaller numeral is in between two numerals of greater value, subtract the
                           smaller numeral from the greater numeral to the right.

                  example: (a)    XIV = 10 + (5 – 1) = 10 + 4 = 14           (b)    XIX = 10 + (10 – 1) = 10 + 9 = 19

                           Think and Answer
                         List 5 places where we use Roman numeral in today's life to write numbers.

                  The Roman numerals for the first 30 Hindu-Arabic numbers are shown below:

                         1                I                  11              XI                  21              XXI

                         2               II                  12              XII                 22             XXII
                         3               III                 13             XIII                 23             XXIII

                         4               IV                  14             XIV                  24             XXIV
                         5               V                   15              XV                  25             XXV

                         6               VI                  16             XVI                  26             XXVI

                         7              VII                  17             XVII                 27             XXVII
                         8              VIII                 18             XVIII                28            XXVIII

                         9               IX                  19             XIX                  29             XXIX
                         10              X                   20              XX                  30             XXX

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