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\ 11-Sep-2024 Surender Prajapati Proof-4 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

roman numerals I V X L C D M
Hindu-arabic numerals 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000

A combination of these letters, when arranged in the correct order, represents a counting
system.

This system does not use place value to write the numbers. In the Roman system, there is
no symbol for zero. Instead, there are certain rules that need to Remember
be followed to represent the numbers according to this system. Only I, X, C and M can be
rule 1: If a symbol is repeated, its value is added as many times repeated three times to

as it occurs. write Roman numerals.

example: (a) II = 1 + 1 = 2 (b) III = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 (c) XX = 10 + 10 = 20
rule 2: If the smaller numeral is to the left of the bigger numeral, subtract it from the

bigger numeral.

example: (a) IV = 5 – 1 = 4 (b) IX = 10 – 1 = 9 (c) XL = 50 – 10 = 40
rule 3: If the smaller numeral is to the right of the bigger numeral, add the two numerals.

example: (a) VI = 5 + 1 = 6 (b) XI = 10 + 1 = 11 (c) LX = 50 + 10 = 60

rule 4: If the smaller numeral is in between two numerals of greater value, subtract the
smaller numeral from the greater numeral to the right.

example: (a) XIV = 10 + (5 – 1) = 10 + 4 = 14 (b) XIX = 10 + (10 – 1) = 10 + 9 = 19

Think and Answer
List 5 places where we use Roman numeral in today's life to write numbers.

The Roman numerals for the first 30 Hindu-Arabic numbers are shown below:

1 I 11 XI 21 XXI

2 II 12 XII 22 XXII
3 III 13 XIII 23 XXIII

4 IV 14 XIV 24 XXIV
5 V 15 XV 25 XXV

6 VI 16 XVI 26 XXVI

7 VII 17 XVII 27 XXVII
8 VIII 18 XVIII 28 XXVIII

9 IX 19 XIX 29 XXIX
10 X 20 XX 30 XXX

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