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Encapsulate
math
FRACtIonS

A fraction is a part of a whole or a collection. The number above the fraction bar is called 2 Numerator
numerator and the number below the fraction bar is called denominator. Fraction bar
3
Denominator

types of Fraction Comparing Fractions

Proper fraction: A fraction with Comparing Like Fractions:
numerator smaller than its denominator. In a pair of like fractions, fraction with a
,, etc.
E.g., 3 4 3 1
5 7 larger numerator is greater. E.g., 4 > 4
Unit fractions: A fraction with numerator 1. Comparing Unlike Fractions:
E.g., 1 1 1 , etc. • Out of two unlike fractions with same
,
,
3 4 7
Improper fraction: A fraction with numerators, the fraction with the
numerator greater than or equal to its smaller denominator is greater than the
11 7 fraction with the greater denominator.
denominator. E.g., ,, etc.
5 4 E.g., 7 > 7
Mixed fraction: A combination of a whole 9 12
number and a proper fraction. • In comparing unlike fractions
with different numerators, we first
1 2 3
E.g., 1 , 2 , 4 , etc. convert them into like fractions, and
2 7 7
Like fractions: Fractions having the same then compare them based on their
denominator. E.g., 2 4 3 numerators.
,, , etc.
×
×
5 5 5 E.g. 4 2 ⇒ 43 = 12 , 27 = 14
,
×
Unlike fractions: Fractions having 7 3 7 × 3 21 37 21
1 2 4
different denominators. E.g. ,, , etc. 14 12 2 4
3 5 7 ∴ > or >
21 21 3 7
operations
Adding or Subtracting Like Fractions: Add or Subtract the numerators and keep the denominator same.
2 1 3 4 3 1
E.g., (a) + = (b) − =
5 5 5 7 7 7
Adding or Subtracting Unlike Fractions: Convert the unlike fractions into like fractions and then add or
2 1 4 3 7 1 4 1 8 5 3
subtract. E.g., (a) + = + = = 1 (b) − = − =
3 2 6 6 6 6 5 2 10 10 10

Brain Sizzlers

Adding unit fractions to obtain the sum 1 is easy if one uses the different unit fractions.
Can you find
(a) three different unit fractions, and
(b) five different unit fractions such that, each adds up to 1?
Once you find one solution, try to divide a circle into parts to visualise it!

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