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\ 07-Nov-2024 Bharat Arora Proof-8 Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

1. Observe the following figures and try to draw them with freehand:

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

2. Look at the shape names given below and draw their respective shapes from real life:
(a) Circle (b) Square (c) Rectangle

Curves

Have you ever doodled on a piece of paper or any plane surface? The pictures obtained by doodling
are simply called curves. Let us have a look at the figures given below.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

We can make these drawings without lifting the pencil from the paper or using a ruler. Such figures
are called curves. Some of these curves are open while the others are closed. In the above figures,
(a) and (e) are open curves while (b), (c) and (d) are closed curves.

The curve does not mean only the figures which are ‘not straight’. In mathematics, a curve can
be a straight line also.
Circle

In our daily lives, we encounter many circular curves, such as cycle tyres, bangles, and dart boards.

To make the designs of such objects, circles and arcs are used. Here, we shall learn some basic
constructions.
Construction

Let us draw a circle with a radius of 2 cm with the centre at O.

Steps of Construction
Step 1: Use a pair of compasses and a ruler to measure a distance of 2 cm.

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