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Types of Lines

(a) Intersecting lines: Two or more lines that cross or meet each other in a plane are called
intersecting lines. Look at the diagram shown below. Two lines, l and m are passing through
point P. We say l and m intersect at P. Here, l and m are intersecting lines, and P is their point
of intersection.

l
P

m Point of
Intersection
If you imagine two lines passing along the blades of a pair of scissors, then the screw where

the blades are hinged is their point of intersection.
(b) Parallel lines: Two lines are said to be parallel if they do not m
intersect at any point and are equidistant. In the adjacent figure, n
m and n are parallel lines. This is denoted as m | | n and read
as ‘line m is parallel to line n’. The symbol ‘| |’ is used to denote parallel lines. Railway lines,
edges of blackboard, etc. are examples of parallel lines.

Railway lines Edges of Blackboard
(c) Perpendicular lines: Two lines are said to be perpendicular Vertical
if the angle of the intersection between them is 90°. P line
The symbol ‘⊥’ is used to denote perpendicular lines. In the 90° Horizontal
line
given figure, line PQ is perpendicular to line RS, i.e., PQ ⊥ R S
Q
RS. You will learn more about it later in the chapter.
(d) Concurrent lines: Three or more lines are concurrent if they pass through the same point.
The common point is called the point of concurrence. Look at the following figures: (i) Lines
l, m, n and p are concurrent lines as they pass through the same point O. (ii) Lines q, r , s and t
are non-concurrent lines as they do no pass though the same point.

l
q r
m
O

n s
p t
Concurrent Lines Non-concurrent lines

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