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1. Complete the following number patterns.
(a) 150, 350, 550, 750, .........., .........., .......... (b) 3, 6, 12, 24, .........., .........., ..........
(c) 1, 4, 9, 25, .........., .........., ..........

2. Identify the following shape sequence. Can you identify the number pattern involved in it?
Write it. And, extend the pattern by drawing next two shapes.

3. Complete the table, if the cost of an eraser is `3.

Number of Eraser 1 2 4
Cost (in `) 3 6 9 15

Introduction

Mother: If we have unknown quantities or numbers, then we use letters to represent unknown
quantities or numbers. They are denoted by the small letters as a, b, c, x, y, z, … and so on.

There are different branches of mathematics. One of the branches called arithmetic, in which we
applied the knowledge of the properties of numbers and operations on numbers in solving our
day-to-day problems.

In geometry, we discuss shapes in two and three dimensions and their properties.
But, there is one more branch called algebra. It is a branch of mathematics in which letters are
used for unknown quantities, numbers, arithmetic operations and rules for manipulating those
symbols.

The main feature of algebra is that we are going to use is letters like x, y, z, a, b, c, ..., etc. These
letters will be used in place of numbers, to represent any number or quantity. This will help us to
write rules and formulae in a general way.

So, the letter ‘x’ represents the unknown quantity of notebooks and the expression 2x + 8 is the
algebraic expression like arithmetical expression that shows the total notebooks to be bought for
distribution. Let us explain more about algebra in detail.
Matchstick Pattern

Toshi and Akashi have a matchbox and they try to make some interesting pattern using the
matchsticks. Toshi puts a matchstick vertically and then Akashi put another matchstick horizontally
next to the first matchstick to form Letter ‘L’ and repeat this activity as shown below.

99 Introduction to Algebra