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7. If `4500 is divided among A and B in the ratio 5 : 8, what the share each got in percentage?

8. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 7 : 5 : 6. Find the measure of each angle as percentage.
9. If `4800 is to be divided among Radha, Meera and Reena, so that Radha gets four parts, Meera gets
three parts and Reena gets five parts. How much money will each get? What will it be in percentages?
10. Find the value of the following:
(a) Increase 78 by 20% (b) Decrease 150 by 12%.
11. By what number must a given number be multiplied to increase it by 14%?

12. The value of a machine depreciates 6% every year. If the present value of the machine is `24000,
what will be its value after 3 years?

13. A basket contains 550 oranges. If 8% of the oranges are spoiled, find the number of oranges good
enough to be sold.

14. In all sections of class VII, the teacher took a surprise test of maths, in which 92% of the students
passed and 24 failed. How many students appeared for the surprise test?

15. Shivani’s height was 5.0 feet last year. This year her height is 5.4 feet. What is the percentage increase
in her height?

Applications of Percentages

Percentages are used widely in many different areas in our day-to-day lives. For example, discounts
in the shops, bank interest rates, rate of inflation, and many statistics in the media are expressed
as percentages.

Profit and Loss

We often visit markets to purchase things, where shopkeepers sell a lot of articles like groceries,
clothes, fruits, vegetables, and medicines, etc. We also visit exhibitions or fun fares where we buy
and sell things. Shopkeepers buy these articles or goods either directly from the manufacturer or
through a wholesaler.
If the shopkeeper earns something while selling the goods at a price higher than the purchased
price of the goods, it is termed as profit.
Sometimes, due to any reason, the shopkeeper may also incur a loss (when the selling price of an
article is lower than its cost price) while selling and purchasing the goods.

The price at which an article is bought is called the cost price and is written as C.P.
The price at which an article is sold is called the selling price and is written as S.P.

The overhead expenses like transportation, labour charges (or repair), etc. are always included
in the cost price.

Profit or Gain: If the selling price is greater than the cost price, then the seller incurs a profit.
i.e., if S.P. > C.P., then it is a gain.

\ Profit or Gain = Selling Price (S.P.) – Cost Price (C.P.)
Gain is always calculated on cost price (C.P.)
Gain
Profit as a Percent: Gain% = × 100%
C.P.

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