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Encapsulate
math

DATA HANDLING

A collection of information in the form of numerical figures that represents a particular kind of
information is called data and collecting the set of data and presenting in a different form is called
data handling.

Collecting and Organising data Representative values of Data

Systematic arrangement of data in tabular The difference between the highest and the lowest
form is called tabulation of data. values of a given data is called the range of the data.

Arithmetic Mean or Average
The number of times an observation is Arithmetic mean or average x ( )
repeated is called the frequency of that
observation. Sum of observations ∑ x
= =
Number of observations n

The method of presenting the raw data Median
in the form of a table using tally marks
is called frequency distribution table. Median is the middle value of set of observations,
when arranged in ascending or descending order.

 n +  1 th
Median =   observation, (where n is odd).

Number of Tally Number  2
Children in a Marks of families  th th 
n

family (Frequency) Median = 1   observation +   n + 1   observation 
 ,

 
2    2   
2
 
0 3
1 7 (where n is even)
2 8 Mode
3 4 The mode of a set of observations is the observation
4 3 that occurs most often or more frequently.

Graphical Representation of Data

Bar Graph
A bar graph is a pictorial representation of numerical data in the form of rectangular bars of equal
width and varying heights.
160
140
Number of cars sold 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Year

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