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5. What price should a shopkeeper mark on an article that costs him `1600 to gain 20%, after allowing
a discount of 10%?
6. What is the single discount equivalent to the two successive discounts of 25% and 10%?
7. Find the final selling price of a sweater listed at `2500 and sell with two successive discounts of 30%
and 5%.
8. After giving a discount of 5%, a mobile phone adapter is sold for `570. What is the list price of the
adapter?
9. A shopkeeper marks an article which is 60% more than the cost price and allows a discount of 25%
on it. Find his gain per cent.
10. How much per cent above the cost price should a shopkeeper mark his goods so that after allowing
a discount of 20% on the marked price, he gains 30%?
Taxes

Every government has to provide various types of facilities like education, health, maintenance
of roads, etc. To collect revenue (money) for providing these facilities, the government imposes
different types of direct and indirect taxes such as sales tax, income tax, excise tax, etc. Here, we
will learn about some indirect taxes.
Sales Tax/Value Added Tax (VAT)

In addition to the cost of an item, a customer has to pay an additional amount called Sales Tax
(ST). This tax is collected by the shopkeeper from the purchaser at the time of selling the goods
and is deposited to the government. Sales tax is usually charged as a certain percentage of the
selling price of an item and is added to the amount of the bill.
So, Sales tax = Tax% of the selling price

Bill amount = Selling price + Sales tax
Let us understand this with an example.
Suppose an article is selling for `750 and the sales tax rate is 8%. Then,
8
Sales tax = 8% of `750 = × `750 = `60
100
To find the bill amount of the article, we add sales tax to the selling price.

Thus, the bill amount of the article = `750 + `60 = `810
This means the buyer will pay `810 to the shopkeeper for the article.

In some states, however, the selling price includes a tax known as Value Added Tax (VAT). This
is also charged as a certain percentage of the selling price of an item.

Example 16: Nidhi bought an induction stove for `3360, including a VAT of 12%. Find the price of
the induction stove before VAT was added.
Solution: Let the price of the induction stove before VAT was added be `x.
12 112
Then, the billing amount = `x + 12% of `x = x + x = ` x
100 100
Since, the bill amount is given as `3360.
112 100 3360
×
So, ` x = `3360 ⇒ x = = `3000
100 112
Thus, the price of the induction stove excluding VAT was `3000.

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