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1. The given histogram represents the marks obtained by
a particular section of class VIII students. Observe it and
answer the following questions:
(a) Which marks group has the maximum number of
students?
(b) How many students got more than 50% marks?

(c) How many students got marks more than 5 but less
than 15?

2. Represent the number of aircrafts and helicopters given
under Get Ready section in a pie chart.

Introduction

Graphs are commonly viewed in books, television, newspapers, and other media. The graph’s
objective is to present numerical data in an easy, quick, and straightforward way to understand.
Graphs are visual representations of gathered data.
We can also use tables to display data, but a graphical
representation is easier to understand. This is especially Maths Talk
true when a trend or comparison needs to be displayed. We Discuss with your classmate
have already learnt bar graphs, pie charts, and histograms, about the difference in bar
now we will learn about some new types of graphs like line graphs, histograms, and pie
graphs, linear graphs, etc. charts.
Number Line

In the previous classes, we have learnt about number line. Number line represents numbers at
equal gaps from a neutral point called origin or the zero point. All positive numbers are on the
right side of zero and all negative numbers are on the left side of zero.

Origin
P Q

–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
(Negative Numbers) (Positive Numbers)
In the given figure, point P lies to the left of the origin and its distance from the origin is 3 units.
Hence the position of point P is (–3) units.
Point Q lies to the right of the origin and its distance from the origin is 3 units. Hence the position
of point Q is (+3) units or simply 3 units.
Example 1: Plot the following points on a number line.

(a) Point A at +5 (b) Point B at –1 (c) Point C at –4 (d) Point D at 2
Solution: Draw a number line and plot the points as follows:

(a) Mark point A at a distance of 5 units to the right Quick Check
of origin.
Draw a number line and plot
(b) Mark point B at a distance of 1 unit to the left of the numbers, 4, –3, –5 and 1
the origin. on it.

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