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07                          OOP CONCEPTS


















                                      Your Aim


                                      to learn about:
                                             Object-Oriented Programming
                                               Principles of OOP




                 Earlier, some procedural programming languages or Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP)
                 languages were  used to develop applications. These languages were  following a top-down
                 approach which means the statements of a program were executed line by line in top-down
                 manner. Some examples of procedural programming languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL,
                 BASIC, C and PASCAL.
                 The programs written in procedural programming languages are made up of procedures also
                 known as routines or functions. These programs are harder to write and often not reusable.
                 Procedural  programming languages are best suited for general-purpose  programming,  but
                 unable to relate real-world objects. To overcome the problems with procedural programming
                 languages, the concept of the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) came into picture.


                     OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
                 Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects instead of
                 routines or functions. The main purpose of object-oriented programming is to divide a large
                 problem into smaller problems. It is easy to solve a problem by diving it into the small problems
                 instead of solving the large problem. As you know, C++ is an object-oriented programming
                 language. Some other examples of object-oriented programming are Java, PHP, C# and Python.
                 The object-oriented programming is based on object and class. These are the main elements of

                 an object-oriented programming language. Let us learn about the object and class in detail.
                 Object

                 An object is a real-world entity like car, dog, pencil and computer.  All the real-world entities
                 have properties and behaviour. Properties represent the physical appearance and qualities of an
                 object. On the other hand, behaviour represents the functions that an object can perform. For
                 example, a dog has some properties like colour, breed, hairs, ear, etc. and behaviour like barking,
                 eating, sleeping, etc.



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