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Constants
A constant is a fixed value which does not change its contents during the program execution. In
C++, constants can be divided as follows:
Integer Constants: An integer constant is a numeric value without any fractions. For
example: 10, -45, 35, 56, etc.
Floating-Point Constants: Any real number in which a fraction is denoted by a decimal
symbol. For example: 345.64, -867.22, 0.8763, etc.
String Constants: A string value is a collection of one or more characters written in single
or double quotes. For example: ‘A’, “Hello”, “Welcome to C++”, etc.
Delimiters
C++ allows some special characters in its coding called delimiters or punctuators. These are:
{ } ( ) , ; =
Braces { }: These are used to specify the start and end of a block of code like main( )
function.
Parentheses ( ): These are used with the function name.
Comma ( , ): It is used to separate two variable declarations in same line.
Semicolon ( : ): It is used to terminate a program line in C++.
Equal sign ( = ): It is used to assign a value to a variable.
Operators
Operator
Operators are special symbols in C++ that are used to perform
calculations. They are used along with operands or values to get the
desired result. For example: 5 + 3
In the preceding example, 5 and 3 are the operands and + (plus) is an
operator. The plus operator is used to perform the addition operation.
Other operators are - (minus), * (multiply) and / (divide). We will learn
Operands
more about operators in the next chapter.
Program 2: To calculate the sum of two numbers.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, sum;
a = 10;
b = 20;
sum = a + b;
cout<<”The sum of two numbers is:”<<sum;
getch();
}
Getting Started with C++ 17

