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2                                                          GETTING STARTED



                                                                                                 WITH C++











                                    Your Aim

                                    to learn about:

                                             C++ Character Set                 More Solved Programs





                  Before writing programs in C++, let us first understand its fundamental concepts. This chapter
                  introduces the basic concepts of C++, including the character set and tokens used in C++
                  programming.

                     C++ CHARACTER SET

                  A character set refers to the letters, digits and special symbols that can be used to write programs
                  in the C++ language. These are:


                               Characters                                        Uses
                      Letters                         A–Z or a–z

                      Digits                          0–9
                      Special symbols                 ~ ‘ ‘ ! @ # $ % ^ & ( ) * - _ + = : \ ] { } ; " < > , ? | `

                  Tokens in C++

                  Tokens are the smallest individual units of a C++ program. They are classified into the following
                  categories:

                      Keywords                                 Data Types                        Variables
                      Constants                                Delimiters                        Operators

                  Let us explore each of these in detail.
                  Keywords

                  Keywords are special words in C++ that have a fixed meaning and cannot be used as variable
                  names.  They  help  the  computer  understand  what  actions  to  perform.  In  C++,  keywords  are
                  case-sensitive.


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