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                                                                                    OOP CONCEPTS










                                     Your Aim


                                      to learn about:
                                             Object-Oriented Programming
                                               Principles of OOP



                 Earlier,  some procedural programming  languages, also known as Procedure-Oriented
                 Programming (POP) languages, were used for application development. These languages followed
                 a top-down approach, meaning that the statements in a program were executed sequentially,
                 line by line, from top to bottom. Some examples of procedural programming languages are
                 FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, BASIC, C and PASCAL.

                 The programs written in procedural programming languages are made up of procedures also
                 known as routines or functions. These programs are harder to write and often not reusable.
                 Procedural  programming languages are best suited for general-purpose  programming,  but
                 unable to relate real-world objects. To overcome the problems with procedural programming
                 languages, the concept of the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) came into picture.


                    OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

                 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects rather
                 than routines or functions. The primary purpose of object-oriented programming is to break
                 down a large problem into smaller, more manageable parts. It is easier to solve a problem by
                 dividing it into smaller subproblems rather than tackling it as a whole.

                 As you may know, C++ is an object-oriented programming language. Other examples of object-
                 oriented programming languages include Java, PHP, C#, and Python.
                 Object-oriented programming is based on two fundamental elements: objects and classes. These
                 are the core components of an object-oriented programming language. Let us explore these
                 concepts in detail.

                 Object

                 An object is a real-world entity like car, dog, pencil and computer.  All real-world entities have
                 properties and behaviour. Properties represent the physical appearance and qualities of an
                 object. On the other hand, behaviour represents the functions or actions that an object can
                 perform.
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