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INSIDE THE SERIES
The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning, assessment
and evaluation.
Chapter Profile
Clicking on stamp block creates a duplicate of the current Sprite. The image is stamped
on the stage. To see the image, click on the Sprite and drag. A duplicate of the Sprite
appears behind it.
pen up block puts the pen up and stops the Sprite from drawing anything.
Learning Resources
The Sprite draws a non-stop line wherever it moves using
pen down .
block to set the color of the pen to a color of your choice from the
Use
set pen color to
drop-down menu.
by 10 block changes the pen
change pen color
color, saturation, brightness and transparency.
Click on the first text box to select and change
the pen effects. Click on the second text box to
give a value by which the effect will change.
set pen color to 50 block will set the pen color,
saturation, brightness and transparency to the given value.
DRAWING A LINE IN SCRATCH
Let's learn how to draw a line in Scratch. Look at the code and its output.
The line appears on the stage.
Chapter Profile: This Tech Funda: This section Clickipedia: This section
section describes the provides a practical information provides interesting
objective of the chapter. or tip to the students. computer facts.
To view the line in full screen, click on Full Screen Control button on the top right
corner of the stage.
Tech Funda Chapter Profile
Chapter Profile
Chapter Profile
1 Early Counting Tools Clickipedia
Abacus—First Calculating Device To come out of the Full Screen Control mode: Click on the Full Screen Control button
Pascaline Adding Machine or press Esc keys.
Chapter Profile
Leibniz Step Reckoner
Evolution of Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine Abacus is also used in schools as an aid in teaching the numeral system.
2. What is the command to draw triangle in Scratch? Lady Ada Lovelace’s Programs
Computers Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating
Machine
3. Where is the full screen control button located in Scratch? Computer Generations
PASCALINE ADDING MACHINE
Creating Shapes in Scratch 61 Chapter Profile
E. Long answer type questions. In 1642, a mathematician, Blaise Pascal
D. Short answer type questions.
Dear Students! You have learnt about computers in your previous class. invented the calculating machine called the
1. What is the main advantage of using email over traditional mail?
1. How do you add Pen blocks to the Code tab in Scratch? Pascaline adding machine. The numbers
Computer is a familiar word for you today. But have you ever thought ‘Who invented the
computer?’ This machine is an outcome of labour of a number of minds. No particular
person can be credited with the invention of computers, but several names stand out in the were fed into the machine by dialing them
crowd. on the wheels. This device is believed to
2. What is hyperlink?
be the first mechanical calculator of
EARLY COUNTING TOOLS
the world. This machine was capable of Pascaline Blaise Pascal
E. Long answer type questions.
Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied knots in a
2. What are the thumb rules to draw polygons in Scratch? performing only addition and subtraction.
rope and carved marks on clay in order to keep the records. They also used to count with 1. Discuss the various uses of the Internet in modern society.
the help of fingers, toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.
LEIBNIZ STEP RECKONER
In 1672, a mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm
2. Explain the role of ISPs and modems in providing Internet connectivity.
3. Explain the stamp block and its function in Scratch. Leibniz invented the digital mechanical calculator
called ‘Step Reckoner’. It was the first calculator
Early Counting Tools that could perform all four arithmetic operations
ABACUS—FIRST CALCULATING DEVICE i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication and Leibniz Step Reckoner
division. In The Lab: This is a lab
Hands On: This section
21 st
The first step towards computing was the invention of Abacus around 3000 Natural Fact: Despite children F. Competency-based/Application-based question. Century Skills #Critical Thinking
#Technology Literacy
years ago, in China. It is a wooden frame with beads on parallel wires which
can do simple calculations like addition and subtraction. This device is used
CHARLES BABBAGE’S ANALYTICAL ENGINE
contains craft based activities living in a digital era, this activity to develop practical
house. How can she utilise the Internet to achieve this?
F. Competency-based/Application-based questions. Century 21 st #Critical Thinking Riya wants to shop for a new laptop but prefers to do so without leaving her
to calculate numbers at a fast speed.
#Technology Literacy
Skills
1. Sam wants to draw an octagon using Scratch. What repeat command and turn In 1822 a mathematician, Charles Babbage developed a steam
Abacus
angle should he use? driven calculating machine, that was the size of a room, which
for home assignment.
skills.
SDG Activity
2. John is working on a project where he needs to create a triangle and change section connects them to he called the Difference Engine. But even after working on this
its colour every time it’s drawn. How can he achieve this in Scratch? 7 project for 10 years, this machine never became a reality.
Evolution of Computers
G. Find the Output. nature. Imagine, if your emails could be delivered by virtual birds that fly
across the Internet. What kinds of birds would deliver different types
1. What will the output be if you use the command: repeat 6 move 100 steps turn 60 degrees? of messages? Charles Babbage
2. What happens if you use pen down, then move 100 steps, and finally use stamp?
In 1833, he invented a machine called the Analytical Engine,
the first ever working model of a mechanical computer, a
#Initiative
21 st
Century
Hands On 21 st Just like a tree stores water In the Lab fully program controlled machine. This is why Charles Babbage
#Information Literacy
Skills
Century #Technology Literacy in its trunk, a computer
is known as the ‘father of computers’.
Analytical Engine
Skills Visit your computer lab and do the following:
Open any web browser and find two another software similar to Scratch. stores information, like your 1. Start the Web browser 2. Open search engine “Google”
drawings and games in its 8 3. Search for the topic “Global warming” using the Web browser.
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storage devices.
Teacher's Corner
Creating Shapes in Scratch 65 Discuss the interesting concept of the Information Revolution which has changed our lives drastically
in the last 25 years.
Talk about Tim Berners Lee, the father of WWW and his work.
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Keyboard Shortcuts: This Explore More: This section Glossary: This section
section (in IV–VIII) contains contains supplement topics for contains definition of
keyboard shortcuts to perform add-on knowledge. important IT terms.
different operations.
Chapter Profile
GLOSSARY
Chapter Profile Chapter Profile
Chapter Profile
Keyboard Shortcuts Explore More
Scratch Evolution of Windows
Assembler: It is a program used to translate assembly language into machine language.
Microsoft Windows has had many versions since its first
release in 1985. Over
29 years later, Windows looks very Downloading: Getting the data from the server to the user’s computer is known as
Shortcut Keys Description different but somehow similar with its elements. downloading.
Windows is manufactured by the company called Microsoft. It
Shift+click on the thumbnail in the sprite Show the position of hidden sprite is the most popular operating system in the world. Microsoft E-mail: It is an online communication system and used to send or receive electronic
list was founded by its two founders, William Henry Gates III messages.
(Bill Gates) and Paul Allen. It was registered as a company in the year 1975. The very early
Ctrl + Shift + Z To redo the last action on block operating system made by Microsoft was MS DOS.
Hotspot: These are the sites that offer Internet access.
Clickipedia
Shift + drag To make perfect square in Paint editor
Microsoft also manufactures software like MS Office, search engine like Bing, Nibble: A group of 4 bits is known as a nibble (half byte).
programming platform like Visual Studio, cloud computing platforms Azure as well
Ctrl + Z To undo the last action in the paint editor as motion-sensing input devices in recent times like Kinect.
Resolution: It refers to the number of pixels in an image.
Ctrl + Y To redo the last action in the paint editor WINDOWS
Search Engine: It is a software that searches various web pages on the World Wide Web for
The original Windows 1 was released in particular information.
Alt + F4 To exit Scratch
November 1985 and was Microsoft’s
first true attempt at a graphical user Software: It is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks.
Ctrl + C To copy a block interface.
Syntax: Syntax is the grammar of a computer language.
Ctrl + V To paste the copied block/blocks
WINDOWS 95
Theme: A theme is a present package containing graphical appearance and functionality
Previously code-named Chicago, this version details.
was released on August 24, 1995. This was the
first Operating System to have a Start button Toolbar: It has shortcut buttons for various operations on web page.
and a Start Menu. Windows 95 also made the
foundation for emails.
Uploading: Copying the data from your computer to the Internet computer is known as
Uploading.
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Keyboard Shortcuts (Scratch)
Keyboard Shortcuts (Scratch) 91 91 86 Modular (Ver. 4.0)-V

