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Page 15 - Math_Genius_1 2
P. 15

    uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ [Natural Languages (5GL)]
                      +
                     fIkQÝFk tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡] ftUgsa uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ Hkh dgk tkrk gS] os çksxzkfeax Hkk"kk,¡ gSa ftuesa çksxzke fodflr djus osQ
                                              +
                     fy, n`'; midj.k gksrs gSaA fIkQÝFk tsujs'ku Hkk"kk osQ mnkgj.kksa esa Mercury, OPS5 vkSj çksykWx (prolog) 'kkfey gSaA
                     uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ vDlj fo'ks"kK ç.kkyh (expert system) vkSj Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk (artificial intelligence) ls tqM+h
                     gksrh gSaA ;s ç.kkfy;k¡ fpfdRlk vkSj oSKkfud {ks=kksa esa yksdfç; gSa] ysfdu O;kolkf;d vuqç;ksxksa esa O;kid :i ls mi;ksx
                     ugha dh tkrh gSaA

                     mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ ykHk (Advantages of High-Level Languages)
                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk mi;ksxdrkZ osQ vuqowQy gSA
                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk 'kCnksa vkSj çrhdksa dh 'kCnkoyh osQ lkFk vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ leku gS] blfy, bls pykuk vklku gSA

                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk esa çksxzke fy•us osQ fy, de le; dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dks cuk, j•uk vklku gSA
                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk ^e'khu vk/kfjr* osQ ctk; leL;k mUeq• gSA

                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk esa fy•s x, çksxzke dk e'khuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blfy, mi;qÙkQ vuqoknd
                         osQ lkFk fdlh Hkh oaQI;wVj ij pyk;k tk ldrk gSA

                     mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ uqdlku (Disadvantages of High-Level Languages)
                        mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dk vuqoknd }kjk e'khuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn djuk iM+rk gS vkSj bl çdkj blls oaQI;wVj dk cgqr
                         le; cckZn gksrk gSA

                        led{k vlsacyh Hkk"kk çksxzke dh rqyuk esa vuqoknd }kjk mRiUu vkWCtsDV dksM v{ke gks ldrk gSA

                         Hkk"kk vuqoknd (Language Translator)

                     Hkk"kk vuqoknd ,d lkWÝVos;j gS] tks ,d mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dk;ZØe dks e'khuh Hkk"kk esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA Hkk"kk
                     vuqoknd esa fuEufyf•r çdkj gksrs gSa%

                     vlsacyj (Assembler)
                     vlsacyj (assembler) ,d çksxzke gS] ftldk mi;ksx vlsacyh Hkk"kk dks e'khuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, fd;k
                     tkrk gS rkfd oaQI;wVj bls le> losQA vlsacyj oaQI;wVj dks vlsacyh Hkk"kk osQ funZs'kksa dks e'khu dksM] ;kuh 0 vkSj 1
                     esa cnyus esa l{ke cukrk gSA

                     oaQikbyj (Compiler)
                     oaQikbyj ,d ,slk lkWÝVos;j gS] tks iwjs lkslZ çksxzke dks fØ;kfUor djus ls igys e'khuh Hkk"kk esa cny nsrk gSA ;g iwjs
                     mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dk;ZØe dks ,d gh ckj esa e'khuh Hkk"kk esa cny nsrk gSA ;g iwjs dk;ZØe osQ fy, =kqfV;ksa dks ,d
                     lkFk çnf'kZr djrk gSA

                     baVjizsVj (Interpreter)
                     baVjizsVj Hkh ,d vyx çksxzke gS] tks iwjs lkslZ çksxzke dks fØ;kfUor djus ls igys e'khuh Hkk"kk esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA
                     ;g ,d le; esa ,d dFku dk vuqokn vkSj fu"iknu (execute) djrk gSA

                     ;g dksM LVsVesaV i<+rk gS] bls ,d ;k ,d ls vf/d e'khuh Hkk"kk funZs'kksa esa ifjofrZr djrk gS vkSj fiQj mUgsa fu"ikfnr
                     djrk gSA ;g =kqfV;ksa dks ,d ckj esa ,d iafDr esa çnf'kZr djrk gS vkSj =kqfV dks Bhd djus osQ ckn gh vxyh iafDr
                     esa tkrk gSA

                                                                                           oaQI;wVj dh Jsf.k;k¡ vkSj Hkk"kk,¡  13

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