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fuEu&Lrjh; Hkk"kk [Low-Level Language (LLL)]
fuEu&Lrjh; Hkk"kk ,d çksxzkfeax Hkk"kk gS] tks e'khu ij fuHkZj gSA e'khu ij fuHkZj Hkk"kk esa fy•k x;k çksxzke osQoy

,d fo'ks"k çdkj osQ oaQI;wVj ij pyrk gSA bl çdkj osQ çksxzke vU; çdkj osQ oaQI;wVjksa osQ fy, vklkuh ls iksVZscy
(portable) ugha gksrs gSaA fuEu&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa dh nks Jsf.k;k¡ gSaµe'khuh Hkk"kk vkSj vlsacyh Hkk"kkA

e'khuh Hkk"kk (Machine Language)
e'khuh Hkk"kk gh oaQI;wVj }kjk le>h tkus okyh ,dek=k Hkk"kk gSA bls iQLVZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk [first generation
language (1GL)] osQ :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA çksxzkelZ osQ fy, e'khuh Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx djuk cgqr dfBu gS D;ksafd
blesa osQoy nks vad] 0 vkSj 1 gksrs gSa] ftUgsa ckbujh vad ;k fcV~l (binary digits or bits) dgk tkrk gSA tgk¡] fcV

^0* vkWiQ LVsV dk çfrfuf/Ro djrk gS vkSj fcV ^1* vkWu LVsV dkA

vlascyh Hkk"kk (Assembly Language)
e'khuh Hkk"kk dh vlqfo/k dks nwj djus osQ fy, ,d vlsacyh Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k x;kA bls lsoaQM tsujs'ku Hkk"kk
[second generation language (2GL)] osQ :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g og Hkk"kk gS ftlesa çksxzke dksM 0 vkSj 1
osQ ctk; ^fueksfuDl* uked vYiQkU;wesfjd çrhdksa (alphanumeric symbols called ‘Mnemonics’) osQ :i
esa fy•s tkrs gSaA vlsacyh Hkk"kk esa ,d çksxzkej la{ksi esa fy•rk gS] tSls fd tksM+us osQ fy, A] rqyuk osQ fy, C] yksM

osQ fy, L vkSj M xq.kk djus osQ fy,A blh fo'ks"krk osQ dkj.k bls ^çrhdkRed Hkk"kk* ‘(Symbolic Language)‘
osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA

mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk (High-Level Language (HLL))
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk ,d çksxzkfeax Hkk"kk gS tks çksxzkej dks ,sls çksxzke fy•us esa l{ke cukrh gS] tks e'khu ls Lora=k
(machine independent) gksaA bl çdkj dh Hkk"kkvksa dks mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk osQ :i esa ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s ekuo
Hkk"kkvksa osQ djhc gSa vkSj e'khuh Hkk"kkvksa ls nwj gSaA fuEu&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk esa mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa dk eq[;
ykHk ;g gS fd mUgsa i<+uk] fy•uk vkSj cuk, j•uk vklku gksrk gSA mPp Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa dh rhu eq[; Jsf.k;k¡ gSa] tks
+
FkMZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡] IkQksFkZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡ vkSj uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ gSaA

FkMZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡ [Third Generation Languages (3LG)]

FkMZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kkvksa (3GL) esa çksxzkej vaxzs”kh tSls 'kCnksa dh ,d Ük`a•yk fy•rk gS] tks oaQI;wVj dks crkrk gS fd D;k
gkfly djuk gS vkSj bls oSQls djuk gSA

dbZ FkMZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡ vadxf.krh; lapkydksa dk Hkh mi;ksx djrh gSa] tSls * xq.kk osQ fy, vkSj $ tksM+us osQ fy,A ;s
vaxzs”kh tSls 'kCn vkSj vadxf.krh; laosQr ,d çksxzkej osQ fy, çksxzke fy•uk vklku cukrs gSaA oqQN çkjafHkd çfØ;kRed
3GL csfld (BASIC)] ikLdy (PASCAL)] lh (C) vkSj iQksjVªku (FORTRAN) gSaA oqQN vU; mUur vkWCtsDV&vksfj,aVsM

3GL gSaµ C++, Java, vkSj C#A

iQksFkZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡ [Fourth Generation Languages (4 GL)]
iQksFkZ tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡ Hkh vaxzs”kh tSls dFkuksa dk mi;ksx djrh gSaA ;s fufnZ"V djrh gSa fd dk;ZØe dks oSQls iwjk
djuk pkfg,A 4GL rs”k gS vkSj blesa çksxzkej dh vksj ls de le; vkSj ç;kl dh vko';drk gksrh gSA okLro
esa 4GL dk mi;ksx djuk cgqr vklku gS vkSj de çksxzkfeax i`"BHkwfe okys çksxzkej Hkh çksxzke fodflr dj ldrs
gSaA 4GL osQ mnkgj.k SQL, Perl, Python vkfn gSaA

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