Page 15 - Math_Genius_1 2

uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ [Natural Languages (5GL)]
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fIkQÝFk tsujs'ku Hkk"kk,¡] ftUgsa uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ Hkh dgk tkrk gS] os çksxzkfeax Hkk"kk,¡ gSa ftuesa çksxzke fodflr djus osQ
+
fy, n`'; midj.k gksrs gSaA fIkQÝFk tsujs'ku Hkk"kk osQ mnkgj.kksa esa Mercury, OPS5 vkSj çksykWx (prolog) 'kkfey gSaA
uspqjy Hkk"kk,¡ vDlj fo'ks"kK ç.kkyh (expert system) vkSj Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk (artificial intelligence) ls tqM+h
gksrh gSaA ;s ç.kkfy;k¡ fpfdRlk vkSj oSKkfud {ks=kksa esa yksdfç; gSa] ysfdu O;kolkf;d vuqç;ksxksa esa O;kid :i ls mi;ksx
ugha dh tkrh gSaA

mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ ykHk (Advantages of High-Level Languages)
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk mi;ksxdrkZ osQ vuqowQy gSA
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk 'kCnksa vkSj çrhdksa dh 'kCnkoyh osQ lkFk vaxzs”kh Hkk"kk osQ leku gS] blfy, bls pykuk vklku gSA

mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk esa çksxzke fy•us osQ fy, de le; dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dks cuk, j•uk vklku gSA
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk ^e'khu vk/kfjr* osQ ctk; leL;k mUeq• gSA

mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk esa fy•s x, çksxzke dk e'khuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blfy, mi;qÙkQ vuqoknd
osQ lkFk fdlh Hkh oaQI;wVj ij pyk;k tk ldrk gSA

mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ uqdlku (Disadvantages of High-Level Languages)
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dk vuqoknd }kjk e'khuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn djuk iM+rk gS vkSj bl çdkj blls oaQI;wVj dk cgqr
le; cckZn gksrk gSA

led{k vlsacyh Hkk"kk çksxzke dh rqyuk esa vuqoknd }kjk mRiUu vkWCtsDV dksM v{ke gks ldrk gSA

Hkk"kk vuqoknd (Language Translator)

Hkk"kk vuqoknd ,d lkWÝVos;j gS] tks ,d mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dk;ZØe dks e'khuh Hkk"kk esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA Hkk"kk
vuqoknd esa fuEufyf•r çdkj gksrs gSa%

vlsacyj (Assembler)
vlsacyj (assembler) ,d çksxzke gS] ftldk mi;ksx vlsacyh Hkk"kk dks e'khuh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn djus osQ fy, fd;k
tkrk gS rkfd oaQI;wVj bls le> losQA vlsacyj oaQI;wVj dks vlsacyh Hkk"kk osQ funZs'kksa dks e'khu dksM] ;kuh 0 vkSj 1
esa cnyus esa l{ke cukrk gSA

oaQikbyj (Compiler)
oaQikbyj ,d ,slk lkWÝVos;j gS] tks iwjs lkslZ çksxzke dks fØ;kfUor djus ls igys e'khuh Hkk"kk esa cny nsrk gSA ;g iwjs
mPp&Lrjh; Hkk"kk dk;ZØe dks ,d gh ckj esa e'khuh Hkk"kk esa cny nsrk gSA ;g iwjs dk;ZØe osQ fy, =kqfV;ksa dks ,d
lkFk çnf'kZr djrk gSA

baVjizsVj (Interpreter)
baVjizsVj Hkh ,d vyx çksxzke gS] tks iwjs lkslZ çksxzke dks fØ;kfUor djus ls igys e'khuh Hkk"kk esa ifjofrZr djrk gSA
;g ,d le; esa ,d dFku dk vuqokn vkSj fu"iknu (execute) djrk gSA

;g dksM LVsVesaV i<+rk gS] bls ,d ;k ,d ls vf/d e'khuh Hkk"kk funZs'kksa esa ifjofrZr djrk gS vkSj fiQj mUgsa fu"ikfnr
djrk gSA ;g =kqfV;ksa dks ,d ckj esa ,d iafDr esa çnf'kZr djrk gS vkSj =kqfV dks Bhd djus osQ ckn gh vxyh iafDr
esa tkrk gSA

oaQI;wVj dh Jsf.k;k¡ vkSj Hkk"kk,¡ 13