Page 6 - Math_Genius_1 2

Ük`a[kyk dh fo'ks"krk,¡

izLrqr Üka`[kyk dh :ijs[kk lh[kus dh iz.kkyh vkSj ewY;kadu dh iz.kkyh nksuksa dks izHkkoh :i ls lqfuf'pr

djrh gSA

lh[kus osQ lalk/u D:\TP PLAY-7 (Hindi Ver. 1.1)\Chap-3 Reader _________________________ Date: ___________________
\\September 20, 2022 7:51 PM Ved_Goswami Proof 2
gj ?kaVs lSdM+ksa u, ok;jl fodflr gksrs gSaA ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j MsoyilZ fu;fer :i ls baVjusV ij viMsV tkjh djrs
gSa tks muosQ çksxzkEl dks uohure Kkr ok;jl dk irk yxkus dh vuqefr nsrs gSaA vki vius ,aVhok;jl dh dkWih dks
osQoy baVjusV osQ ekè;e ls gh viMsV dj ldrs gSaA blfy,] ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j dks viMsV djus osQ fy, baVjusV
dusD'ku gksuk vko';d gSA oaQI;wVj dks lkiQ djus osQ fy, bLrseky fd;k tkus okyk 'kCn ^bjsfMosQfVax , ok;jl*
(Eradicating a virus) gSA
blosQ fuokj.k osQ fy, dbZ rjhosQ gSa&
laØfer iQkby esa dksM dks gVkuk tks ,d ok;jl ls laca/ LFkkfir djrh gSA
laØfer iQkby dks gVkukA
laØfer iQkby dks DokjaVkbu djuk] ftlesa bls ,sls LFkku ij ys tkuk 'kkfey gS tgk¡ bls pyk;k ugha tk ldrkA
mi;ksxdrkZ dks eSyos;j dh mifLFkfr vkSj dh xbZ dkjZokbZ osQ ckjs esa lwfpr djsaA
lHkh laØfer iQkbYl vkSj ,fIyosQ'ku dks vyx&vyx djsa rkfd laØe.k vkxs u iSQysA
vkidk y{; % ;g dkWye ikB oqQN çfl¼ ,aVhok;jl çksxzke Norton, AVG, McAfee, Symantec, SmartDog, Kaspersky vkfnA vkvks tkusa! % ;g dkWye oaQI;wVj
oaQI;wVj Kku % ;g dkWye fon~;kfFkZ;ksa
osQ mn~ns'; dks Li"V djrk gSA dks oaQI;wVj laca/h O;kogkfjd Kku ,oa D:\TP PLAY-7 (Hindi Ver. 1.1)\Chap-3 Reader _________________________ Date: ___________________
laca/h jkspd ,oa egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh
\\September 22, 2022 6:41 PM Ved_Goswami Proof 2
lq>koksa ls voxr djkrk gSA nsrk gSA
Vªkstu gkWlZ (Trojan Horse)
Vªkstu gkWlZ dk mn~ns'; ml lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ vanj •qn dks Nqikuk gS tks oS/ yxrk gSA tc flLVe ij lkWÝ + Vos;j LFkkfir
ukWVZu (Norton) eSosQiQh (McAfee) fDod ghy (Quick Heal) ,ohth (AVG)
gksrk gS] rks Vªkstu lfØ; gks tkrk gS vkSj gksLV flLVe dks laØfer dj nsrk gSA
oaQI;wVj vkvks tkusa!
'kCn ^Vªkstu* (Trojan) xzhd ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa esa Vªkstu gkWlZ dh dgkuh ls fy;k x;k gS] tks crkrh gS fd oSQls ;wukuh
Kku baVjusV ls viuh iQkbYl dks vksiu djus ;k MkmuyksM djus ls igys ,aVhok;jl çksxzkEl osQ Vªkstu dks migkj osQ :i esa fn, x, ,d cM+s ydM+h osQ ?kksM+s esa vius lSfudksa dks Nqikdj VªkW; osQ fdykcan 'kgj esa
ços'k djkus esa liQy gq,A Vªkstu ?kksM+ksa osQ cgqr 'kkSdhu Fks vkSj mUgksaus bl migkj ij vk¡• can djosQ Hkjkslk dj fy;kA
ekè;e ls mls LoSQu djsaA ;fn vkidk ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j fdlh ok;jl dk irk yxkrk gS]
rks mls lkiQ djsa vkSj ;fn lkWÝVos;j bls lkiQ djus esa vleFkZ gS] iQkby dks fMyhV dj nsaA jkr esa] lSfud ckgj fudys vkSj 'kgj ij vanj ls geyk dj fn;kA
Likbos;j (Spyware)
Qk;jokWy (Firewall) Likbos;j ,d çdkj dk eSyos;j çksxzke gSA Likbos;j dk çkFkfed dk;Z mi;ksxdrkZ dh xfrfof/ ij utj j•uk vkSj
'kCn ^iQk;jokWy* ewy :i ls ,d bekjr osQ Hkhrj vkx ;k laHkkfor vkx dks lhfer djus osQ mn~ns'; ls ,d nhokj mlosQ }kjk ,df=kr dh xbZ tkudkjh dks gSdj dks okil Hkstuk gSA Likbos;j esa dksbZ laØe.k ra=k ugha gSA ;g vkerkSj
dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA oaQI;wVj esa] iQk;jokWy ,d lkWÝ + Vos;j ;k gkMZos;j&vk/kfjr usVooZQ lqj{kk ç.kkyh gS tks ykxw fu;e ij Vªkstu (vkSj ok;jl vkSj oElZ }kjk Hkh) }kjk Mkyk tkrk gSA ,d ckj Myus osQ ckn] ;g ihfM+r osQ oaQI;wVj ij •qn
D:\TP PLAY-7 (Hindi Ver. 1.1)\chap-9
lsV osQ vk/kj ij vkus okys vkSj ckgj tkus okys usVooZQ VªSfiQd dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA ;g ,d }kjiky dh rjg dk;Z dks LFkkfir dj ysrk gS vkSj irk yxkus ls cpus osQ fy, pqipki ogha cSB tkrk gSA
\\September 22, 2022 6:28 PM Ved_Goswami Proof 2
djrk gS vkSj oaQI;wVj usVooZQ esa vuf/Ñr ,Dlsl dks jksdrk gSA ;g usVooZQ ij vkus okys çR;sd MsVk iSosQV dk fujh{k.k Reader _________________________ Date: ___________________
djrk gS vkSj iwoZfu/kZfjr fu;eksa osQ ,d lsV osQ vk/kj ij fu.kZ; ysrk gS fd ikl djuk gS ;k ughaA iQk;jokWy ,d jSaleos;j (Ransomware)
fo'oluh;] lqjf{kr vkarfjd usVooZQ vkSj vU; usVooZQ (mnkgj.k osQ fy,] baVjusV) osQ chp ,d vojks/ LFkkfir djrk jSaleos;j og jkf'k gS tks viâr ca/d dks fjgk djus osQ fy, ek¡xh tkrh gSA blh rjg] jSaleos;j nqHkkZoukiw.kZ lkWÝ + Vos;j
gS] ftldk mi;ksx gksLV flLVe osQ MsVk dks voS/ :i ls ,fUØIV djosQ ,Dlsl djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA MsVk rd
gS] ftls lqjf{kr vkSj fo'oluh; ugha ekuk tkrk gSA igq¡p okil ikus osQ fy, gksLV flLVe osQ f'kdkj dks geykoj dks cM+h jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk iM+rk gSA
:VfdV (Rootkit)
30 Touchpad PLAY (Version 1.1)–VII 3- ckSf¼d laink vf/dkjksa osQ dksbZ nks mnkgj.k nhft,A
:VfdV ,d eSyos;j gS] tks gksLV flLVe rd O;oLFkkid ,Dlsl çkIr djrk gSA ,d ckj tc geykoj flLVe rd
................................................................................................................................................................................
,Dlsl çkIr dj ysrk gS] rks :VfdV fNi tkrk gS ysfdu flLVe rd fo'ks"k ,Dlsl cuk, j•rk gSA :VfdV dk irk
yxkuk eqf'dy gS D;ksafd flLVe rd fo'ks"k ,Dlsl gksus osQ dkj.k ;g VªSfoaQx lkWÝ + Vos;j dks ck;ikl dj nsrk gSA
4- lkbcj cqfyax jksdus osQ nks mik; fyf•,A
cSdMksj (Backdoor)
cSdMksj ,d çdkj dk nqHkkZoukiw.kZ lkWÝ + Vos;j gS] tks vU; lkWÝ + Vos;j ;k iQkbyksa osQ lkFk ca/u;qDr gks djosQ oaQI;wVj esa
................................................................................................................................................................................
ços'k djrk gSA bldk mi;ksx gksLV oaQI;wVj rd fjeksV ,Dlsl çkIr djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
5- oaQI;wVj uSfrdrk (Computer ethics) D;k gSa\
vkvks tkusa!
vf/dka'k eSyos;j çksxzke baVjusV ij forfjr fd, tkrs gSa] ftUgsa vdlj vU; lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ lkFk ca/u;qDr fd;k
✶
................................................................................................................................................................................
xfrfof/ % bl dkWye esa fofHkUu izdkj dh
tkrk gSA
è;ku j[ksa % ;g dkWye oaQI;wVj osQ mi;ksx lacaèkh II. nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'u ✶ eSyos;j ls cpko dk lcls vPNk rjhdk ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j baLVkWy djuk gSA
izk;ksfxd xfrfofèk;k¡ nh xbZ gSaA
lko/kfu;ksa osQ ckjs esa crkrk gSA 1- isVsaV vkSj VªsMekoZQ esa varj fyf•,A eSyos;j dh igpku djus vkSj gVkus okys çksxzkeksa osQ ,d lewg dks ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
,aVhok;jl (Antivirus)
vkiosQ oaQI;wVj esa ,d ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j baLVkWy gksuk pkfg,A ;g oaQI;wVj esa ok;jl dk irk yxkrk gS vkSj ok;jl
2- baVjusV D;k gS\ bldh dksbZ rhu gkfu;k¡ fyf•,A
dks vkiosQ oaQI;wVj flLVe ij dkWih ugha gksus nsrkA
3- lkfgfR;d pksjh ls cpus osQ fy, dksbZ rhu lqj{kkRed mik; fyf•,A
oaQI;wVj ok;jl
4- vkWuykbu lqjf{kr jgus osQ dksbZ rhu rjhosQ fyf•,A 29
xfrfof/k Life Skills & Values
lkbcj uSfrdrk (Cyber Ethics) ij ,d çLrqfr (Presentation) rS;kj djsaA
ySc t - ksu Communication
d{kk esa uSfrd vkSj vuSfrd çFkkvksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ dhft,A
vius f'k{kd ls baVjusV ij l²iQx osQ nkSjku lqjf{kr jgus osQ rjhosQ osQ ckjs esa iwfN,A
vè;kidksa osQ fy,
1- Nk=kksa osQ lkFk oaQI;wVj uSfrdrk osQ ckjs esa ppkZ dhft,A
2- bl vè;k; esa ppkZ fd, x, lHkh fo"k;ksa dks Nk=kksa dks le>kb,A
D:\TP PLAY-7 (Hindi Ver. 1.1)\Chap-3
\\September 22, 2022 6:47 PM Ved_Goswami Proof 2 Reader _________________________ Date: ___________________
vkb, djs a
I. y?kwÙkjh; ç'u
vkvks nksgjk,¡ % bl dkWye esa ySc ”kksu % bl dkWye esa O;kogkfjd vkSj vf/d tkusa % bl dkWye osQ
1- Vªkstu D;k gS\

.................................................................................................................................................................................
2- ,aVhok;jl çksxzke dk mi;ksx D;k gS\
iqujko`fRr gsrq vè;k; osQ eq[; fcanqvksa dkS'ky dks fodflr djus okyh varxZr iwjd fo"k;ksa dh tkudkjh nh
.................................................................................................................................................................................
3- cwV lsDVj ok;jl D;k gS\
.................................................................................................................................................................................
4- ,echvkj dk D;k eryc gS\

dks lax`ghr fd;k x;k gSA iz;ksx'kkyk laca/h xfrfof/;k¡ nh xbZ gSaA D:\TP PLAY-7 (Hindi Ver. 1.1)\Projct Work & Olympiad xbZ gSA Reader _________________________ Date: ___________________
.................................................................................................................................................................................
\\September 20, 2022 7:52 PM Ved_Goswami Proof 2
II. nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'u
D:\TP PLAY-7 (Hindi Ver. 1.1)\Chap-3 1- eSyos;j D;k gS\ ;g vkiosQ oaQI;wVj dks oSQls çHkkfor djrk gS\ oqQN çdkj osQ eSyos;j dk mYys• dhft,A
\\September 22, 2022 6:42 PM Ved_Goswami Proof 2 Reader _________________________ Date: ___________________ (Subject Enrichment)
2- fo"kk.kq vkSj Ñfe esa varj Li"V dhft,A vkSj vf/d tkusa (Explore More)
vkbZVh osQ izHkko
103
3- vki oSQls tkurs gSa fd vkiosQ oaQI;wVj esa ok;jl gS\ Explore More
4- ok;jl ls oSQls cpk tk ldrk gS\ vk£VfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal (Artificial Intelligence)
Artificial Intelligence
vkvks nksgjk,¡ ySc t - ksu Subject Enrichment baVsfytsal D;k gS\ (What is Intelligence?)
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
Humans are considered as the most intelligent species. Have you
oaQI;wVj ok;jl ,d ^dksM dk VqdM+k* ;k çksxzke gS] ftls oaQI;wVj flLVe ij lax`ghr MsVk ;k çksxzke iQkbYl dks ,d ,aVhok;jl lkWÝVos;j LFkkfir dhft, vkSj vius f'k{kd dh lgk;rk ls vius oaQI;wVj ySc esa ,d oaQI;wVj dks euq"; dks lcls cqf¼eku çtkfr ekuk tkrk gSA D;k rqeus dHkh lkspk gS D;ksa\ ;g bl rF;
ever wondered why? It is because of the fact that we can use our
osQ dkj.k gS fd ge vius efLr"d dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ge vius fu.kZ;ksa vkSj lksp osQ
nwf"kr djus osQ fy, fodflr fd;k x;k gSA LoSQu dhft,A ihNs roZQ djus vkSj roZQ fodflr djus dh vknr fodflr djrs gSaA ;g ,d ,slh çfØ;k
brain. We develop the habit of reasoning and developing logic
behind our decisions and thinking. This is a process that makes us
eSyos;j ,d çdkj dk nqHkkZoukiw.kZ çksxzke gS ftls oaQI;wVj flLVe ij vU; vokafNr dk;ks± dks uqdlku igq¡pkus ;k ^oaQI;wVj ok;jl* fo"k; ij ,d izstsaVs'ku (presentation) cukb,A izstsaVs'ku esa fuEufyf•r LykbM gksuh pkfg,% gS tks gesa cqf¼eku cukrh gSA
intelligent.
djus osQ fy, fMtkbu fd;k x;k gSA
fofHkUu çdkj osQ eSyos;j oeZ] Vªkstu gkWlZ] LikbZos;j] jSaleos;j] :VfdV vkSj cSdMksj gSaA e'khu cqn~f/keku dls curh gS\ (How Does a Machine Become Intelligent?)
HOW DOES A MACHINE BECOME INTELLIGENT?
S
To make a machine understand things we need data,
eSyos;j dh igpku djus vkSj fMyhV djus okys çksxzkeksa osQ ,d lewg dks ,aVhok;jl lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA e'khu dks phtksa dks le>us osQ fy, gesa MsVk] <sj lkjk MsVk pkfg,A ;g
a lot of data. This data is basically information related
iQk;jokWy ,d lkWÝVos;j ;k gkMZos;j&vk/kfjr usVooZQ lqj{kk ç.kkyh gS tks ykxw fu;e lsV osQ vk/kj ij vkus okys MsVk ewy :i ls mu phtksa ls lacaf/r tkudkjh gS tks ge vius vklikl
to the things that we see around ourselves and how
vkSj ckgj tkus okys usVooZQ VªSfiQd dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA ns•rs gSa vkSj os oSQls ckrphr djrs gSaA e'khuksa dks cgqr lkjs MsVk osQ lkFk
they interact. Machines are fed with lot of data and
la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ekuo cqf¼ osQ oqQN igyqvksa osQ lkFk çksxzke
programmed with some aspects of human intelligence,
fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa lh•us] leL;k lek/ku vkfn 'kkfey gSaA tc ,d
including learning, problem solving, etc. When a machine
D;k lh[kk! e'khu dks lh•us osQ fy, çksxzke fd;k tkrk gS] rks ;g fn, x, MsVk osQ
is programmed to learn, it looks for patterns and trends
Hkhrj iSVuZ vkSj ço`fÙk;ksa dh ryk'k djrk gS vkSj fu"d"kZ fudkyrk gSA
within the data given to it and draws conclusions.
I. lgh mRrj ij lgh ( ) dk fpg~u yxkb,A vè;kidksa osQ fy, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence is a human attempt to convert mindless machine into intelligent beings
1- fuEu esa ls dkSu ,d çdkj dk oaQI;wVj ok;jl ugha gS\ 1- Nk=kksa dks fn•kb, fd ,aVhok;jl oSQls dke djrk gSA vkfVZfQf'k;y baVsfytsal (Artificial Intelligence)
vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal ukle> e'khu dks cqf¼eku çkf.k;ksa esa cnyus dk ,d ekuoh; ç;kl gS tks bulkuksa dh rjg
that can think and take decisions like human beings. In your day to day life, you come
d- eSØks ok;jl [k bZ&esy ok;jl x- Vªkstu gkWlZ 2- bl vè;k; esa 'kkfey lHkh fo"k;ksa dk o.kZu (walk-through) djsaA lksp vkSj fu.kZ; ys ldrk gSA vius fnu&çfrfnu osQ thou esa] vki fofHkUu e'khuksa tSls VksLVj] ,;j oaQMh'kuj] vkfn
across various machines for example, the toaster, the air conditioner, etc. Imagine if these
machines became intelligent and would be able to work on their own.
2- çksxzke iQkby ok;jl dks fdl ok;jl osQ :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gS\ 32 Touchpad PLAY (Version 1.1)–VII osQ ckjs esa tkurs gSaA dYiuk dhft, fd D;k ;s e'khusa cqf¼eku cu xb± vkSj vius vki dke djus esa l{ke gksaxhA
Artificial intelligence aims to copy the thinking process of humans. To do so, programmers
d- iQkby&buisQfDVax [k- iQkby&batsDVj x- d vkSj [k nksuksa vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal dk mn~ns'; bulkuksa dh lkspus dh çfØ;k dh udy djuk gSA ,slk djus osQ fy,] çksxzkej us
dbZ ,Yxksfjne fodflr fd, gSa tks MsVk ,d=k djrs gSa vkSj ifj.kke çkIr djus osQ fy, mUgsa ckj&ckj izkslsl djrs gSaA
have developed many algorithms which gather data and process them repeatedly to get
3- ukWVZu D;k gS\ fcyoqQy ,d bulku dh rjg tks dne ls dne feykdj lc oqQN lh•rk gSA
results. Just like a human being who learns everything step by step.
d- flLVe lkWÝ + Vos;j [k- vkWijsfVax flLVe x- ,aVhok;jl COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
4- fuEu esa ls dkSu ,d çdkj dk eSyos;j gS\ vkfVZfQf'k;y baVsfytsal d ?kVd (Components of Artificial Intelligence)
The human intelligence also consists of many parts like data collection, reasoning,
s
d- ,fUØI'ku [k- Vªkstu gkWlZ x- ,ohth ekuo cqf¼ esa Hkh dbZ Hkkx gksrs gSa tSls MsVk laxzg] roZQ] voyksdu] vkfnA blh rjg] Ñf=ke cqf¼eÙkk osQ Hkh vyx&vyx
observation, etc. Similarly, artificial intelligence also has different parts. AI includes Data
Gathering, Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning.
Hkkx gksrs gSaA AI esa MsVk bdêòk djuk] vkfVZfiQf'k;y U;wjy usVooZQ vkSj Mhi yfuZax 'kkfey gSaA
II. lgh osQ fy, ^lgh* vkSj xyr osQ fy, ^xyr* fyf[k,A l Data gathering: It refers to the process of obtaining information from the surrounding
MsVk ,d=k djuk% ;g vklikl vkSj vU; lzksrksa ls tkudkjh çkIr djus dh çfØ;k dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA
and other sources.
1- ,d oaQI;wVj ok;jl •qn dks izfrÑr (replicate) dj ldrk gSA ........................... l l l Artificial neural network: It is a network of nodes that are connected to each other, just
Ñf=ke raf=kdk usVooZQ% ;g ekuo efLr"d dh rjg gh ,d nwljs ls tqM+s gq, uksM~l dk ,d usVooZQ gSA ;s
2- ,aVhok;jl dk mi;ksx oaQI;wVj flLVe ls ok;jl dks •Re djus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ........................... uksM MsVk dks çkslsl djrs gSa vkSj ifj.kkeksa dks eseksjh esa LVksj djrs gSaA
like the human brain. These nodes process the data and store the results in memory.
3- ge oaQI;wVj ls oeZ ugha gVk ldrsA ........................... l Mhi yfu±x% ;g Hkfo"; osQ jsiQjsal osQ fy, raf=kdk usVooZQ ls çkIr MsVk dks lax`ghr djus osQ fy, ,d ,Yxksfjne
4- jSaleos;j ,d eSyos;j çksxzke gSA ........................... gSA Explore More 115
III. fn, x, 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx dj fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r dhft,A
,DlIyksj eksj 115
laosQr
,aVhok;jl] iQk;jokWy] eSyos;j] Vªkstu gkWlZ
1- ........................... eSysf'k;l lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
2- eSyos;j dh igpku djus vkSj mls gVkus okys çksxzkeksa osQ lewg dks ........................... lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ :i esa tkuk
tkrk gSA
3- ........................... ,d }kjiky dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS vkSj oaQI;wVj usVooZQ esa vuf/Ñr ,Dlsl dks jksdrk gSA
4- ........................... dk mn~ns'; lkWÝ + Vos;j osQ vanj •qn dks Nqikuk gS tgk¡ ;g oS/ yxrk gSA
oaQI;wVj ok;jl 31