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Relative References

            In relative reference, you actually refer to cell that is above or below and left or right to a number of rows
            or columns. When a formula that possesses a relative reference is copied from one cell to another cell,
            the value in the copied cell also changes. To use the relative cell reference, perform the following steps:

                                                                               2
                  Select  another cell  in        Click on the Copy command.
                  which  you  want  to  copy
              3   the formula and click on
                  the Paste command.




                  Select the cell that contains
                  the  formula  in  which  the
              1   reference of other cells is
                  used.


            Absolute References

            If you wish to maintain the original references as they were, then you should make use of the absolute
            references. If you want to make the formula retain the original reference when it is copied, then you
            should precede the column reference and the row reference by a Dollar ($) symbol.

            For example, if you want to give a discount of 10% on each product then the discount will remain same
            for all the products. To calculate the amount to be paid, you should add the Dollar ($) sign with the cell
            that contains the discount percentage. In this case, the discount percentage is given in cell D3. Hence,
            the formula will be =((B3*C3)-((B3*C3)*($D$3))). When you copy the formula to the next cell, address of
            the cell D3 will remain same as shown:






















            Mixed References

            A mixed reference is a reference that refers to a specific row or column. It is basically a combination
            of relative and absolute references. In some situations, you may need to make the cell reference as
            ‘Mixed’ reference, so that you can lock either a column or a row by preceding it with a Dollar ($) symbol.

            For example, $A1 or A$1.





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