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Let us first learn how to form binary numbers.

            As the binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1 hence, its base is 2. Each digit or bit in
            binary number system can be 0 or 1. A combination of binary digits may be used to represent different
            quantities like 1001. The positional value of each digit in binary number is twice the place value or face
            value of the digit of its right side. The weight of each position is a power of 2.

            The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:


                        Position       3         2         1         0                   –1        –2
                                                                                •
                        Weights       2 3        2 2       2 1       2 0                 2 –1      2 –2




                     Factbot

             A single binary digit (like '0' or ‘1’) is called a ‘bit’. For example 11010 is five bits long. The word bit is made up
             from the words 'binary digit’.




            Octal Number System

            The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the base of octal number system
            is 8. In this system, the position of each digit represents a power of 8. Any digit in this system is always
            less than 8. Octal number system is used as a shorthand representation of long binary numbers. The
            number (841)  is not valid in this number system as 8 is not a valid digit.
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            Hexadecimal Number System

            The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A to F represent
            decimal numbers from 10 to 15. The base of this number system is 16. Each digit position in hexadecimal
            number system represents a power of 16. For example, the number (764)  is a valid hexadecimal
                                                                                          16
            number. It is different from (764)  which is seven hundred and sixty four. This number system provides
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            shortcut method to represent long binary numbers.


                 DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION

            To convert a decimal number into a binary number, follow these steps:

               Divide the decimal number by 2 (the base of the binary number system).

               Note down the quotient and the remainder.

               Divide the quotient obtained again by 2 and note down the resulting quotient and remainder.

               Repeat the procedure till you reach a quotient less than 2.

                List the last quotient and all the remainders (moving from bottom to top). You will get your binary
              number.





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