Page 14 - Plus V4 with Adobe class 7
P. 14

Experiential Learning

                   #Number System

           Find out more about numeral system in different states of India. Write it in your notebook and type in Word
           also.

                                                                                                       #Activity


        Decimal Number System

        The decimal number system is a standard number system for denoting numbers. It consists of ten digits
        from 0 to 9. Only these digits can be used to represent numeric value in decimal number system. Hence,
        the base of decimal number system is 10. The decimal number system is the most widely used number
        system. The value represented by individual digit depends on the weight and position of the digit.
        The position of first digit towards left side of the decimal point is 0. The position of second digit towards
        left side of the decimal point is 1. Similarly, the position of first digit towards right side of decimal point
        is –1. The position of second digit towards right side of decimal point is –2, and so on.

        The value of a number is determined by multiplying the digits with the weight of their position and
        adding the results. This method is known as expansion method. The right-most digit of the number
        has the lowest weight. This digit is called Least Significant Digit (LSD). The left-most digit of a number
        has the highest weight. This digit is called Most Significant Digit (MSD). The digit 7 in the number 724
        is the most significant digit and 4 is the least significant digit.

        The given table shows positional weight of decimal number (724) .
                                                                           10
                                                   Hundereds             Tens              Units
                   Weights                             10 2               10 1              10 0

                   Real Value of each digit           7 × 10 2          2 × 10 1          4 × 10 0

                   Result                              700                20                 4

        Binary Number System

        The word binary comes from 'Bi' meaning two. We see 'bi' in words such as ‘bicycle‘ (two wheels) or
        ‘binocular’ (two eyes). The binary numbers have the base of 2.

        A computer is a machine made up of transistors, switches and other components. All these electronic
        components are in two mutually exclusive states, either ON or OFF. The two binary digits represent
        these two states. Every instruction given to a computer is converted into 0’s and 1’s so that it can be
        understood and implemented by the computer. Binary language is therefore known as the machine
        language.
                                                                 Name     Size (bits)         Examples
        A binary number is made up of only 0s and 1s.            Bit           1       Single digit either 0 or 1

        Example of Binary Number: 110100                         Nibble        4       Group of 4 digits

        There is no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary!          Byte          8       Group of 8 digits
                                                                 Word         16       Group of 16 digits



            12  Plus (Ver. 4.0)-VII
   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19