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Ring Topology

            In  this  topology,  all  the  nodes  are connected  in  a circular path.
            The messages travel in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. Any
            damage to the cable of any node or device can result in breakdown
            of the whole network.










                                                   Star Topology

                                                   In this topology, central node acts as a hub  to which all the
                                                   other nodes are connected. As compared to the bus topology,
                                                   star topology requires more devices and cables. The addition
                                                   of a new  node  to a star topology  is difficult  as it involves  a
                                                   connection all the way to the central node.







            Tree Topology

            In  this  topology,  nodes are connected  as
            branches of a tree where hub  acts as a root
            node. It is very simple in nature as it is easier to
            add new or remove  the faulty nodes. But its
            major disadvantage is that if the root node fails
            to operate, the entire network is inoperable.









                                                       Mesh Topology


                                                       In this topology, every single node in a network is connected
                                                       to all the other nodes or computers in the network. There
                                                       is  minimal  chances  of  breakdown  in  this  topology.  This
                                                       topology is mostly used in LANs.










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