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Page 20 - RoboGenius Pro C7
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    In everyday life, sensors are used to gather information and trigger actions. Building physical
                      circuits can be challenging, but with Tinkercad, you can easily simulate and test sensors. In this
                      chapter, you’ll learn about different types of sensors, how they work and how to use Tinkercad to
                      simulate sensor circuits.

                      SENSOR

                      A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical stimuli like light, heat, motion or sound.
                      Sensors convert these physical signals into data that can be processed by a microcontroller,
                      like the ones you use in Tinkercad. In robotics and electronics, sensors play a key role in helping
                      devices interact with their environment.

                      Types of Sensors

                      There are many types of sensors, each designed for a specific purpose. Let's explore some of the
                      common ones:
                      1.  Photoresistor Sensor: A photoresistor is a sensor that changes its resistance based
                         on the amount of light falling on it. It is widely used in light-sensing applications like
                         adjusting the brightness of a screen or turning on a light when it gets dark.

                                      2.  Photodiode Sensor: A photodiode is a semiconductor device that generates
                                          current when exposed to light. Unlike a photoresistor, it works in both direct
                                          and reverse bias and is used in applications like optical communication, light
                                          meters and more precise light sensing.

                      3.  IR Sensor  (Infrared  Sensor):  An IR  sensor is used  to  detect  objects,  measure
                         distance  or monitor  the movement  of people  or  animals.  It works by  emitting
                         infrared light and measuring the amount of light reflected back. It's commonly
                         used in proximity sensing, remote controls and line-following robots.

                                                   4.  Ultrasonic Distance Sensor: The ultrasonic sensor uses sound
                                                       waves to  measure  distance  by  emitting  high-frequency  sound
                                                       waves and calculating the time it takes for them to bounce back.
                                                       This sensor is commonly used in robotics for obstacle detection
                                                       and distance measurement.

                      5.  PIR Sensor (Passive Infrared Sensor): The PIR sensor detects infrared
                         radiation  (heat)  emitted by objects.  It is primarily  used  to  detect
                         motion, which makes it ideal for security systems, automatic lighting or
                         motion-triggered devices.

                                 6.  Soil Moisture Sensor: The soil moisture sensor measures the amount of moisture
                                     present in the soil. It is a great tool for gardening, farming and smart irrigation
                                     systems to automate watering based on soil moisture levels.

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