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    • The buzzer stops making sound when the circuit is switched off or when the
                        potentiometer is turned all the way down.

                     This activity teaches you how sound can be controlled with electricity and how

                     different components in a circuit, like a potentiometer, can adjust the amount
                     of power a part like a buzzer receives, which affects the sound it makes.

                     Application

                     You may have noticed a knob on a car radio that

                     allows you to switch between different frequencies.
                     As you  rotate  the  knob, the  frequency  changes,
                     which in turn changes the radio channel. This works

                     because the knob adjusts the radio’s tuner, allowing
                     it to pick up signals from various broadcast stations.

                     What is Motor?

                     A  motor  is  a  small  machine  that  turns

                     electricity into motion. It’s like a tiny engine
                     that helps things move. You can find motors

                     in toys, fans, and even in robots. The motor
                     spins when electricity flows through it, making parts move and creating fun
                     actions like wheels turning or fans spinning.

                     Understanding Polarity in a DC Motor

                     Polarity means the direction electricity flows, like which way is “up” and “down”

                     for the motor. A DC motor has two ends called positive (+) and negative (-).

                        • If you connect the positive end of the battery to the positive end of the
                        motor and the negative to the negative, the motor will spin in one direction.

                        • If you switch the connections, the motor will spin the other way.
                        • This is how polarity works—it tells the motor which way to turn. So, changing

                        the way you connect the battery can change the direction of the motor’s
                        spin.

                                                                            Understanding Circuits and Electronics  43

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