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    Power Source: Every electronic device requires a source of energy to function, which can either
                         be a battery or electricity from a power outlet. Most robots typically operate on a DC power
                         supply, such as a battery.

                         Charges: In simple terms, charge refers to the property of matter that causes it to experience a
                         force when near another charged object. There are two types of charges: positive and negative.
                         Current:  The  flow  of  electrical  charge  through  a  conductor  (like  a  wire).  It’s measured  in
                         amperes (A).

                         Voltage: This is the “push” that drives the current through the circuit.
                         Think of it like the pressure in a water pipe. It’s measured in volts (V).

                         Circuits: A circuit  is a  closed  loop  that  allows electricity  to  flow.  In
                         robotics, circuits are built to connect components like motors, sensors,
                         and LEDs to a power source.

                      Types of Circuits

                         Closed Circuit: When the loop is complete, and current flows. Imagine a
                         switch turned on – the circuit is closed.

                         Open Circuit: When the loop is broken, and no current flows. Imagine a
                         switch turned off – the circuit is open.

                      Breadboard

                      A breadboard  is a  tool  used to  build  and  test  circuits  without  soldering,  making  it  perfect  for
                      beginners in electronics. Breadboards allow you to easily experiment with electronic components,
                      wires, and circuits before building a permanent version.

                      Why Use a Breadboard?

                         No need to solder, which means components can be reused.

                         It’s a simple and safe way to experiment with different circuit designs.

                      Breadboard Layout

                         Rows and Columns: The holes on the breadboard are arranged in rows
                         and columns. Components and wires can be inserted into these holes to
                         create circuits.
                         Power Rails: Long rows on the sides of the breadboard, usually marked
                         with a red (+) and blue (-) line. These are used to connect the power
                         supply.

                         Connection Strips: The holes in the center of the board are connected
                         in rows. When you insert a wire or component into a hole, it connects
                         to everything else in that row.

                           10    RoboGenius (V1.0)-VII

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