Page 51 - Robotics and AI class 10
P. 51
A robot is a machine that can perform tasks autonomously. Robots are typically equipped with sensors and other Flexibility and Adaptability
devices to interact with their environment. Robots are used in various applications, including manufacturing,
healthcare, and customer service. Machines are typically designed for specific applications or tasks and may have limited flexibility. They are
often designed and optimised for a specific workflow or production process. Changing the function or task
Robots and machines are closely related but have distinct differences in their characteristics and capabilities. of a machine typically requires significant reconfiguration or modification. In contrast, robots are inherently
more flexible and adaptable. They can be programmed or reprogrammed to perform different tasks, and some
Task #Communication advanced robots can even learn from experience or be trained to perform new tasks. This adaptability makes
robots suitable for applications with changing requirements or tasks that demand versatility.
Study and discuss “ISRO’s female-looking humanoid – Vyommitra” in class.
Interaction and Perception
Machines usually interact with their environment in a predictable and predefined manner. They typically respond
to specific inputs or triggers to perform their tasks. For example, a vending machine dispenses a product when
a specific button is pressed and the required payment is made. Conversely, robots are equipped with sensors
Difference Between a Machine and a Robot that allow them to perceive and interact with their environment more dynamically. They can use sensors such as
cameras, depth sensors, force sensors, or tactile sensors to detect and respond to objects, people, or events in
Machines and robots are both integral to the world of technology and automation, yet they serve distinct their surroundings. This perceptual capability enables robots to navigate, manipulate objects, avoid obstacles,
purposes and exhibit contrasting characteristics. While both are engineered to perform tasks. Their fundamental and interact with humans in more sophisticated ways.
differences lie in their capabilities, autonomy, adaptability, perception and intelligence. In this exploration, we
will delve into the variation that set machines and robots apart, interpret their roles in diverse applications Complexity and Intelligence
and industries.
Machines are often designed with a focus on mechanical or electrical functionality. They operate based on
Here are some critical distinctions between robots and machines:
predefined rules, algorithms, or mechanical interactions. Their complexity lies in optimising the physical design
and mechanical components for their intended purpose. In contrast, robots can incorporate advanced
Function and Purpose
technologies and capabilities beyond mechanical functionality. They can employ artificial intelligence techniques
Machines are typically designed with a specific task or function in mind. For example, a milling machine is like machine learning or computer vision to enhance their decision-making, perception, and adaptability. This
designed to shape or cut materials, while a printing machine is intended for printing documents or images. allows robots to handle complex tasks, learn from experience, and interact intelligently with their environment.
Machines are optimised to perform their designated tasks efficiently and effectively. In contrast, robots have a Overall, the key differences between robots and machines lie in the versatility, autonomy, adaptability, perception,
broader range of functions and purposes. They can be programmed to perform various tasks, such as assembly, and intelligence that robots possess. Robots are designed to go beyond mere mechanical functionality,
welding, packaging, and inspection, or even complex activities like autonomous exploration or human-like incorporating intelligence and autonomy to perform various tasks in various contexts, adapt to changing
interactions. conditions, and interact dynamically and intelligently with the world.
Automation and Autonomy Using Examples
Machines are often operated by human users who control their actions and monitor their performance. They Let’s try to learn the main difference between a robot and machines by example.
rely on human inputs and instructions to carry out tasks. In contrast, robots can operate autonomously or with
minimal human intervention by continuously sensing their environment. They can execute predefined programs There are so many bulky things that have to move from one place to another in factories and industries. If a
or algorithms and make decisions based on sensor inputs or environmental feedback. This continuous sensing machine like a forklift may be used, with minimal human involvement, one person has to control and operate
enables robots to operate in unstructured or dynamic environments, adapt to changing conditions, and carry the vehicle (forklift) to lift the object. He has to pay attention to obstacles that come in between the path. He
out tasks without constant human supervision. should carefully deliver it from one point to another.
On the other hand, when using an autonomous indoor vehicle with a robotic arm, then only one work left
An understanding of how a robot must continuously sense its environment is crucial for achieving automation behind is to give the command to that robot. The robot will pick up the item and deliver it to the given place.
and autonomy. Machines are often operated by human users who control their actions and monitor their The robot automatically picks the item, plans the navigation route, avoids the course’s obstacles, and delivers it
performance. They rely on human inputs and instructions to carry out tasks. In contrast, robots can operate to the point. Hope, now it is apparent that there is much difference between robots and machines.
autonomously or with minimal human intervention. They can execute predefined programs or algorithms and
make decisions based on sensor inputs or environmental feedback. This autonomy allows robots to operate Identification of Machines and Robots through Illustrations
in unstructured or dynamic environments, adapt to changing conditions, and carry out tasks without constant
human supervision. The identification of machines and robots through illustrations can be done by the following characteristics:
From Robots to Cobots 49

