Page 54 - Robotics and AI class 10
P. 54
For example, a robot that is tasked with picking up an object will use its sensors to locate the object, determine
its distance, and identify any obstacles in its path. The robot will then use its actuators to move its arms and
gripper in order to reach the object and pick it up.
The type of sensors and actuators that a robot uses will depend on the specific task that it is designed to
perform. For example, a robot that is designed to move around in a cluttered environment will need different
sensors and actuators than a robot that is designed to perform surgery.
The controller is the software that tells the robot how to use its sensors and actuators to achieve its goals. The
controller is typically written in a programming language such as R or Python.
The development of robots that can continuously sense, maintain a certain speed, and do certain tasks is
a complex process that requires expertise in a variety of fields, such as engineering, computer science, and
artificial intelligence.
#Digital Literacy
Video Session
Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video:
How are robots built?
https://youtu.be/oHKCwyUa2rg?si=AyD642thksRs5Bfd
Components of Robots
Here, are the various integrated components of Robots:
• Power Supply: Robots require a power source to operate. This can be a battery, fuel cell, or direct electrical
connection.
• Actuators: Actuators are responsible for converting electrical or pneumatic signals into physical motion. They
enable the robot to move its limbs or other mechanical parts. The examples of actuators include motors, servos,
hydraulic systems, and pneumatic systems.
• Sensors: Sensors allow the robot to perceive and interact with its environment. They provide feedback on
various physical properties such as position, orientation, proximity, temperature, pressure, and more. The
common types of sensors include cameras, ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, tactile sensors, and gyroscopes.
• Controller / Control System: The control system consists of hardware and software components that govern
the robot’s behaviour and operations. It processes sensory information, makes decisions, and generates
commands for the actuators. The control system can range from simple microcontrollers to complex artificial
intelligence algorithms.
• Manipulators: Manipulators are robotic arms or appendages designed to perform specific tasks. They are
equipped with joints, linkages, and end-effectors (such as grippers, tools, or specialised end-of-arm tools) to
interact with objects or the environment.
• Communication Interface: Robots often require a communication interface to interact with humans or other
systems. This can include displays, buttons, touchscreens, speakers, microphones, and wireless communication
modules (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or RFID).
• Perception Systems: Perception systems enable the robot to understand its surroundings. This can involve
computer vision algorithms, object recognition, depth sensing, and environmental mapping. Perception
systems are often complemented by machine learning techniques for object detection, localization, and scene
understanding.
52 Touchpad Robotics & Artificial Intelligence-X

