Page 97 - Robotics and AI class 10
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2. What are gears?
Ans. Gears are mechanical devices with toothed wheels or cylinders that mesh together to transmit and control motion,
torque, and speed between rotating shafts. They are essential to many machines, including robots, automobiles,
industrial equipment, and various mechanical systems.
3. Name the sensor that detects movement or changes in the environment.
Ans. A motion sensor is a type of sensor that detects movement or changes in the environment.
4. Which enables smoother and quieter operation compared to spur gears?
Ans. The helical tooth arrangement enables smoother and quieter operation compared to spur gears.
5. What are the key features of spur gears?
Ans. The key features of spur gears are tooth profile, meshing, power transmission, gear ratio, and speed and torque.
6. What are worm gears?
Ans. Worm gears are the type of gears that consists of a threaded cylindrical gear (worm) and a toothed wheel (worm wheel).
They are used to transmit motion and torque between perpendicular shafts, with the worm driving the worm wheel.
B. Long answer type questions:
1. What are the advantages of Manual Control Systems?
Ans. The advantages of Manual Control Systems are as follows:
• Flexibility: The human operator can adapt the control actions based on their experience and judgment.
• Intuitive: The operator can respond quickly to changes or unexpected events.
• Suitable for Complex or Unpredictable Systems: Manual control is often employed when the system’s behaviour
is challenging to model or when immediate decision-making is required.
2. What are the essential roles of controllers in robotic systems?
Ans. Controllers in robotic systems are essential for achieving desired behaviours, precise movement, and effective task
execution. They enable robots to sense their environment, process information, and generate control signals to actuate
their actuators. Controllers are also responsible for commanding and coordinating the actions and behaviours of
robots. They receive sensory input from the environment or the robot itself and generate control signals to actuate the
robot’s actuators. Controllers play a crucial role in controlling the motion, behaviour, and decision-making of robots.
3. How do LiDAR sensors work and what are their applications in autonomous robots and drones?
Ans. LiDAR signifies Light Detection and Ranging. LiDAR sensors utilise laser beams to measure distances to objects and
generate detailed 3D maps of the surroundings. They emit laser pulses and measure the time it takes for the pulses
to bounce back after hitting objects. By analysing the returned pulses, LiDAR sensors can create high-resolution point
clouds representing the environment.
For example, in autonomous robots, self driving cars or drones, LiDAR sensors are used for mapping, localisation, and
obstacle detection. The LiDAR sensor scans the environment, creating a 3D map that includes information about the
position and shape of objects. This map can be used for localisation, allowing the robot to determine its position within
the mapped environment. Additionally, the LiDAR sensor can detect obstacles by identifying objects or changes in the
environment, enabling collision avoidance and safe navigation.
4. What are the three main types of joints?
Ans. The three main types of joints are:
• Electric Motor-Driven Joint: Electric motors, such as DC motors, stepper motors, or servo motors, are frequently
used as actuators in robotic joints. They provide rotational motion and allow for precise control of joint angles.
Electric motors are versatile and can be found in various robotic applications, from robotic arms to humanoid robots.
Components of Robots as a System 95

