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Rotary Actuators
Rotary actuators generate rotational motion around a fixed axis. They convert energy into rotary motion,
allowing robots to rotate, turn, or spin. Rotary actuators are used in applications where rotational movement is
required, such as robotic joints, wheels, or spinning devices. Electric motors, hydraulic actuators, and pneumatic
actuators can all be used as rotary actuators. Here are some common types of rotary actuators:
• Electric Rotary Actuators: Electric rotary actuators use electric motors to produce rotary motion. They can
be either continuous rotation or limited to a specific range of rotation. Electric rotary actuators are available in
various forms, including DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors, each offering different levels of precision
and control.
• Hydraulic Rotary Actuators: Hydraulic rotary actuators use hydraulic fluid to generate rotary motion. They
employ a piston or vane mechanism, where the fluid pressure causes the piston or vane to rotate. Hydraulic
rotary actuators are capable of delivering high torque and are commonly used in heavy machinery and industrial
applications.
• Pneumatic Rotary Actuators: Pneumatic rotary actuators use compressed air or gas to produce rotary motion.
They typically employ a piston or vane mechanism driven by the pressure of the compressed air. Pneumatic
rotary actuators are widely used in applications that require quick and relatively low torque rotations.
Both linear and rotary actuators are essential components in robotics, and their selection depends on the
specific requirements of the robot and the intended motion. The choice of actuator depends on factors such as
precision, force or torque requirements, speed, size, and environmental conditions.
Joints and wheels in robotics are connected to actuators to enable motion and control. Actuators provide the
necessary force and movement to actuate the joints or rotate the wheels, allowing the robot to perform specific
tasks or move in its environment. Here’s how joints and wheels are linked to actuators:
Joints
Robotic joints enable the articulation and movement of robot limbs or
segments. Actuators are responsible for driving these joints and controlling
their motion. The type of actuator used depends on the desired range of
motion, precision, force requirements, and other factors.
The different types of actuators are linked to robotic joints:
Electric Motor-Driven Joint
Electric motors, such as DC motors, stepper motors, or servo motors, are frequently used as actuators in robotic
joints. They provide rotational motion and allow for precise control of joint angles. Electric motors are versatile
and can be found in various robotic applications, from robotic arms to humanoid robots.
Hydraulic Rotary Joint
Hydraulic actuators, coupled with a hydraulic rotary joint, can be used to create rotating joints in robots. The
hydraulic actuator generates the rotary motion, while the hydraulic rotary joint allows the flow of hydraulic fluid
to the actuator while maintaining a continuous connection. These joints are commonly found in heavy-duty
industrial robots or construction equipment.
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