Page 92 - Robotics and AI class 10
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Manual Control System
         In a manual control system, the control actions are initiated and adjusted by a human operator. The operator
        monitors the system’s behaviour, assesses the desired outcome, and manually adjusts the control inputs based
        on their observations. Manual control systems require continuous human intervention and decision-making to
        maintain the desired conditions or performance.
        An example of a manual control system is a person manually adjusting the temperature of a room using a
        thermostat. The person monitors the room’s temperature and manually adjusts the thermostat knob to maintain
        the desired temperature.

        Advantages of Manual Control Systems:
           • Flexibility: The human operator can adapt the control actions based on their experience and judgment.
           • Intuitive: The operator can respond quickly to changes or unexpected events.
           • Suitable for  complex  or unpredictable  systems:  Manual  control is often  employed  when  the  system’s
           behaviour is challenging to model or when immediate decision-making is required.

        Disadvantages of Manual Control Systems:
           • Prone  to  human error: Manual  control relies on  the  operator’s attention,  which  can  lead  to  errors or
           inconsistencies.
           • Labor-intensive: Continuous human intervention is required, which may be impractical or inefficient for long-
           duration processes.

           • Limited scalability: Manual control systems may be challenging to scale up for larger or more complex systems.

        Automatic Control System

        In an automatic control system, control actions are initiated and adjusted automatically based on predefined
        algorithms, feedback loops, and control logic. The control system continuously monitors the system’s behaviour
        using sensors, compares it to a desired reference or setpoint, and automatically adjusts the control inputs to
        maintain the desired conditions or performance.

        Automatic control systems often employ feedback loops, where the system’s output is measured, compared to
        the desired setpoint, and used to generate control signals. These control signals are then sent to actuators to
        adjust the system’s behaviour.

        The examples of automatic control systems include cruise control in vehicles, where a control system adjusts the
        throttle based on the vehicle’s speed, or temperature control in an oven, where the control system adjusts the
        heating elements to maintain a specific temperature.
        Advantages of Automatic Control Systems:

           • Precise and accurate: Automatic control systems can provide consistent and precise control without human
          error.

           • Continuous operation: Automatic control systems can operate continuously without the need for human
          intervention.
           • Scalability: Automatic control systems can be designed to handle complex and large-scale systems efficiently.

        Disadvantages of Automatic Control Systems:
           • Initial setup and tuning: Automatic control systems require initial configuration and tuning to ensure proper
           performance and stability.



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