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INSIDE THE SERIES




                    The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better
                                                                             Some Real-Time New-Age Robotic Implementations
                                           learning and assessment.
                                                                          In recent years, the field of robotics has witnessed tremendous advancements, leading to the emergence of new-
                                                                          age robotic implementations that are revolutionizing various industries and daily life. These real-time robotic
                                                                          systems combine advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, and
                                            Learning Resources
                                                                          advanced sensors to perform complex tasks with efficiency and precision. These robotic implementations are
                                                                          designed to enhance productivity, improve safety, and provide better solutions to a wide range of challenges.
                                         Chapter 1
                             NEW AGE ROBOTIC
        Learning Outcomes:        SYSTEMS                                                            Brainy Fact:
        It provides an overview of the
                                                                               It presents an interesting fact relevant
        unit/chapter contents.
                                                                                        to the topic or the chapters.
               Learning Outcomes
                                                                              Brainy Fact
          •  The New Age Robotics System                                   A robot was programmed in Japan by Noriko Arai to take the entrance exam to Japan’s Tokyo
          •  Some Real-Time New-Age Robotic Implementations                University.  Although  the  robot  failed  to  get  the  top  rank  in  the  exam,  it  still  beat  80%  of  the
                                                                           students who attended the exam. This was an exam that even required a full-blown essay to be
                                                                           written, which the robot wrote in style.
         In recent years, the field of robotics has undergone a significant transformation with the emergence of the New   Warehousing Robots
         Age Robotics System. This advanced technological paradigm combines cutting-edge hardware, sophisticated   A warehousing robot is a type of robot specifically designed to automate various tasks within a warehouse or
         software algorithms, and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities to create a new breed of robots that possess   distribution center. These robots are equipped with advanced sensors, navigation systems, and manipulation
         enhanced  autonomy,  adaptability,  and  collaborative  capabilities.  These  robots  are  poised  to  revolutionize   capabilities  to  efficiently  handle  inventory,  organize  products,  and  streamline  logistics  operations.  They  can
                                                                          operate autonomously or work in collaboration with human workers to optimize efficiency and productivity in
        Game:                                                             the warehousing environment.  At a Glance:
         industries ranging from manufacturing and healthcare to agriculture and logistics.
        It contains an interesting game or activity                        • At no time (either before any training or after significant training) does the system guarantees to work as a fixed
                                                                                    This section provides a summary
            The New Age Robotics System
                                                                         function. Instead, the system’s response to a problem is determined by history and context, so changes over time.
        for the students to try on their own or with                       • The learning process happens in many forms in many places, and is lifelong and open-ended, never reaching a
                                                                                                    of the chapter.
         The New Age Robotics System is an exciting technological advancement that brings the world of robotics right
         to your classroom. This state-of-the-art system has been developed to enhance efficiency, productivity, and   final state or converging to such a state.
        their classmates to learn how the game
         safety across various industries, ranging from manufacturing and healthcare to logistics and entertainment.
          Here are the key features, applications, and potential impact of the New Age Robotics System:
        mechanics work while having fun.                                    At a Glance
         Enhanced Autonomy and Intelligence                                 • The New Age Robotics System is an exciting technological advancement that brings the world of robotics right to
                                                                           your classroom.
 Machine learning and Deep learning techniques enable robots to continuously improve their capabilities   Experiential Learning
         The New Age Robotics System exhibits unprecedented levels of autonomy and intelligence. Equipped with state-
 through experience and data analysis.  GAME  01                            • A warehousing robot is a type of robot specifically designed to automate various tasks within a warehouse or
         of-the-art sensors, such as advanced cameras, lidar, and tactile sensors, these robots perceive and interact with   distribution center.  New Age Robotic Systems  19
                               Merge Battle Car


 Collaborative Capabilities  their surroundings with great precision. Coupled with powerful AI algorithms, they can make real-time decisions,     • Assistant Robots, also known as service robots or personal robots, are designed to provide assistance and perform
 It is one of the defining characteristics of the new-age robotics system which has the ability to collaborate   various tasks to support individuals in their daily lives.
         adapt to dynamic environments, and perform complex tasks with efficiency and accuracy. Machine learning and
 seamlessly with humans and other robots. These robots are designed to work alongside human workers,     • The integration of smart devices, sensors, and internet connectivity allows for the remote monitoring, management,
         deep learning techniques enable robots to continuously improve their capabilities through experience and data
 complementing their skills and augmenting their productivity. Through advanced human-robot interaction   and automation of home functions.
         analysis.
 mechanisms, such as natural language processing and gesture recognition, robots can understand and respond
 to  human  commands  and  work  in  close  proximity,  leading  to  enhanced  efficiency,  safety,  and  flexibility  in     • A smart school is an educational institution that incorporates technology, connectivity, and innovative systems to
 various work settings.                                                    enhance the learning experience and improve educational outcomes.
         Collaborative Capabilities                                         • It aims to address the challenges posed by traditional transportation systems, such as traffic congestion, pollution,
 Versatile Applications                                                    limited accessibility, and inefficient use of resources.
         It is one of the defining characteristics of the New Age Robotics System is its ability to collaborate seamlessly
 The new age robotics system finds applications across a wide range of industries, revolutionising traditional     • These robotic vehicles are revolutionizing the transportation industry, bringing about significant changes in various
 processes and opening up new possibilities. In manufacturing, these robots can handle intricate assembly tasks,   aspects of mobility, safety, and efficiency.
         with humans and other robots. These robots are designed to work alongside human workers, complementing
 conduct  quality  inspections,  and  optimise  production  workflows.  In  healthcare,  they  can  assist  in  surgeries,
 perform repetitive tasks, and provide personalised care  to patients. In agriculture, robots  can automate     • Autonomous Drones are also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are aircraft that can operate and navigate
 planting, harvesting, and monitoring processes, leading to increased yields and reduced labour costs. Logistics   without human intervention.
 and warehousing can benefit from robots for order fulfillment, inventory management, and package sorting.   Visit: https://www.crazygames.com/game/merge-battle-car or scan the QR code to   17    • Let's explore an example to understand the impact of robotics in medicine and healthcare.
                                   New Age Robotic Systems
 Additionally, these robots can be employed in hazardous environments or disaster-stricken areas to perform   play the game. It is an exhilarating hypercasual merging game where you combine     • Robotics has emerged as a transformative technology in the field of agriculture, revolutionizing various aspects of
 tasks that pose risks to human lives.  cars and robots to form formidable machines, engaging in epic battles against rival
                  teams in an advanced futuristic arena.                   farming and crop management.
 Economic and Societal Impact                                               • A smart ecosystem refers to an interconnected network of various devices, systems, and entities that work together
 The widespread adoption of the new age robotics system is expected to have a profound impact on various   Some Real-Time New Age Robotic Implementations  to create an intelligent and efficient environment.
 aspects of society and the economy. On the economic front, the increased efficiency and productivity brought     • Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) is a cognitive architecture developed by Pei Wang that aims to model
 about by these robots can lead to cost savings and improved competitiveness for businesses. While there may   In recent years, the field of robotics has witnessed tremendous advancements, leading to the emergence of new   human-like reasoning and learning processes.Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) is a cognitive architecture
 be concerns about job displacement, the collaborative nature of these robots suggests a shift in the nature of   age robotic implementations that are revolutionising various industries and daily life. These real-time robotic   developed by Pei Wang that aims to model human-like reasoning and learning processes.
        Glossary:
 work rather than a complete replacement. Human workers can focus on more complex and creative tasks, while   systems combine advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, and   Video Session:
 robots handle repetitive or physically demanding activities. Moreover, the emergence of new job roles related   advanced sensors to perform complex tasks with efficiency and precision. These robotic implementations are
 to robot maintenance, programming, and supervision can also create employment opportunities.  designed to enhance productivity, improve safety, and provide better solutions to a wide range of challenges.   Exercise
        This section contains
 The new age robotics system represents a significant leap forward in the capabilities of robotic technology.   This section contains a link of the
 With their enhanced autonomy, collaborative capabilities, and versatile applications, these robots are poised to
 reshape industries and unlock new possibilities across multiple sectors. While challenges related to safety, ethics,   Solved Questions
        definition of important AI terms.
 and regulation may arise, the potential benefits of these advanced robotic systems far outweigh the concerns.   video related to the topic for better
 As we embrace the new age robotics system we are likely to witness a new era of automation, collaboration, and
 innovation, leading to a more efficient and prosperous future.                      SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)
                                                                           uiz        understanding of the concept.
     #Communication
 Video Session                                                           A.  Tick ( ) the correct option.
 Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video: What is ROBOTICS | Robotics   GLOSSARY     1.  What is the term used to describe robots that can understand and respond to human emotions?
                                                                                                     #Communication
 Explained | Robotics Technology | What are Robots.                        a.  Emotional robots       b.  Empathetic robots
                                                                             Video Session
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htjRUL3neMg
                                                                           c.  Sentient robots       d.  Cognitive robots
                                                                           Scan the QR code or visit the following link to watch the video:
          F   Machines: A machine is a device that uses energy to perform a task.     2.  Which technology is commonly used in new age robotics for real-time perception and decision-making?
                                                                           Sensors Explained- What is a Sensor - Different Types
                                   New Age Robotic Systems  19             a.  Artificial intelligence (AI)       b.  Virtual reality (VR)
                                                                           https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gizihSJ63o4
                                                                           c.  Augmented reality (AR)       d.  Blockchain
          F   obots: A robot is a machine that can perform tasks autonomously. Robots are typically equipped
             R
             with sensors and other devices to interact with their environment.                   New Age Robotic Systems  39
                                                                         Classification of Sensors
          F   Gears: Gears are mechanical devices with toothed wheels or cylinders that mesh together to
             transmit and control motion, torque, and speed between rotating shafts.   The classification of sensors can also be done as internal and external sensors based on their physical location
                                                                         in relation to the robot or system they are used in. Here is a breakdown of the classification:
          F   Sensors in Robotics: Sensors in robots are based on the functions of human sensory organs.   Internal Sensors
                                                                         Internal sensors are sensors that are placed within the body or structure of the robot or system. These sensors are
                                                                         typically integrated into the design or embedded within the components of the robot. Internal sensors gather data
          F   Actuators: Actuators convert electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy into mechanical motion.  Innovators:
                                                                         from within the robot itself, providing information about its internal state, performance, or specific parameters.
                                                                         Here are the types of internal sensors:
                                                     It presents information about the
          F   Controllers:  Controllers  in  robotics  are  devices  or  systems  responsible  for  commanding  and     • Position Sensors: Position sensors measure the position or displacement of an object or component. They
                                                                          provide information about the location or orientation of a robot’s joints, end-effectors, or other moving parts.
             coordinating the actions and behaviours of robots. .  pioneers in the field of AI.
                                                                          By tracking position changes, these sensors enable precise control, motion planning, and feedback in robotics.
                                                                           The examples of position sensors include:
          F   CAD Modelling: It is used to refine the design, visualize its appearance, and simulate its behaviour.
                                                                           o  Potentiometers: Potentiometers measure angular or linear position by utilising variable resistance. They
                                                                           provide an analog output proportional to the position.
          F   Machine learning:  Machines need to learn the ways of humans by learning the techniques and
             processes.                                                    o  Encoders: Encoders are sensors that measure angular or linear position using optical, magnetic, or
                                                                           capacitive principles. They provide digital or incremental signals representing position changes.
                                                                           o  Hall Effect Sensors: Hall effect sensors detect the presence and strength of magnetic fields and can be
          F   Cybersecurity: It is a combination of technologies, practices and processes designed to protect  Jürgen Schmidhuber  used to measure position in proximity to a magnet.
             data  from  getting  damaged  or  someone  getting  unauthorized  access  to  and  also  saving  the  Schmidhuber is a German national and he is the
             networks, devices, programs from getting cyber-attacked.  co-founder and chief scientist of Nnaisense. He     Position sensors are crucial for tasks like robot arm control, joint motion monitoring, or positional feedback
                                                  is known as the “Father of Self-Aware Robots”   in robotic systems.
                                                  for developing the mechanisms that allow us     • Velocity Sensors: Velocity sensors measure the speed or rate of change of position of an object. They provide
                                                  to communicate to our phones. At present   information about how fast an object is moving and in what direction. Velocity sensors are important for motion
          F   Data Acquisition: It means collecting raw data for the purpose of reference or analysis for the  his research is mainly centered at developing
             project.                             artificial neural networks that are equivalent to,   control, speed monitoring, and trajectory planning in robotics.
                                                  and eventually surpass, the human brain.    The examples of velocity sensors include:
             Ev
          F   aluation: It is an important step where the AI model is evaluated for its efficiency and accuracy.    o  Tachometers: Tachometers measure the rotational speed of a motor or shaft by detecting the number of
                                                                   Jürgen Schmidhuber  revolutions per unit of time.
                                                                           o  Doppler Sensors: Doppler sensors utilise the Doppler effect to measure the velocity of objects based on
          F   thon:  It  is  a  general-purpose,  object-oriented,  easy-to-learn  and  high-level  programming   the frequency shift of reflected waves.
             Py
             language.                                                     Velocity sensors allow robots to adjust their motion speed, maintain consistent velocities, or react to dynamic
                                                                          changes in their environment.
          F   Virtual Assistant: It is an application that we use to control our smart home and is a prime exam-
             ple of AI impacting our daily lives.                          82  Touchpad Robotics & Artificial Intelligence-X
                                                              Rita Cucchiara
                                                              Rita is an Italian resident and a professor
                                            Glossary  281     at AImage Lab of UNIMORE. Cucchiara is a
                                                              leader  in  the  field  of  Artificial  Intelligence
                                                              and applies deep network technologies to
                                                              human behaviour understanding (HBU).
                                                              She is working in computer vision and
                                                              pattern recognition since the 1990s; her
                                                              recent  collaborations  with  Panasonic,  RAI,
                                                              and Ferrari focus on GPU based Deep
                                                              Learning in video understanding for human
                                                     Rita Cucchiara  behavioral analysis and automotive video
                                                              understanding.
                                                   Touchpad Robotics & Artificial Intelligence-X
                                                280 280  Touchpad  A  rtificial Intelligence (V er . 2.0) -X I
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