Page 69 - Robotics and AI class 10
P. 69
Principles of Gears
Gears are widely used in various applications, from simple mechanical systems to complex machinery. The
principles of gears involve several key concepts that govern their operation and functionality. The principles of
gears are fundamental to their functioning in mechanical systems. Let’s explore the fundamental principles of
gears to their functioning.
Functions of Gears
The purpose of gears in mechanical systems, including robots, is to fulfill several essential functions:
• Transmission: Gears primarily transmit mechanical power from one component to another. They transfer
rotational motion and torque from a driving shaft to a driven shaft, allowing the efficient transfer of energy
within a system.
• Speed Adjustment: Gears adjust rotational speed between input and output shafts. By employing gears with
different numbers of teeth, the speed can be increased or decreased, allowing the system to operate at desired
speeds.
• Torque Conversion: Gears are instrumental in converting torque. Torque refers to the rotational force applied
to an object. Gears with varying sizes can be combined to increase or decrease the torque output. This feature
is crucial for adapting the system to different loads or requirements.
• Directional Control: Gears facilitate the change in the direction of rotational motion. By meshing gears at
different angles, such as with bevel gears, the rotational force can be redirected by 90 degrees or to any desired
angle. This allows for versatile movement and control in mechanical systems.
• Gear Reduction and Amplification: Gears can reduce or amplify rotational speed and torque. When a small
gear drives a larger one, the output speed is reduced, but the torque increases. Conversely, when a large gear
drives a smaller gear, the output speed is increased, but the torque is reduced. This feature allows for adapting
the system to specific requirements, such as achieving high torque for heavy lifting or high-speed rotation for
fast movements.
• Mechanical Advantage: Gears provide a mechanical advantage by multiplying or magnifying the applied force.
The output force can be increased or decreased by employing gears with different diameters relative to the
input force. This feature is especially useful in applications requiring additional force to overcome resistance or
perform heavy-duty tasks.
For example, Sports cars go fast (have speed) but cannot pull any weight. Big trucks can pull heavy loads (have
power) but can only go slowly. It’s because of the adjustment of gears.
Types of Gears and their Uses
There are several types of gear that are commonly used in robotics, each with its specific characteristics and
applications.
The most commonly used gears in robots include:
Spur Gears
These gears are one of the most common and simplest types of gears used in mechanical systems, including
robots. They consist of cylindrical wheels with straight teeth that are parallel to the gear axis.
Components of Robots as a System 67

