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must be protected against malicious acts of theft or disruption. Unfortunately, the number of cyber
                  crime is on the rise around the world. The various reasons for increasing cyber crimes are:

                      Increasing use of Internet            Lack of awareness          Multi-pronged attacks
                      Existing loopholes in software     Untrained Internet users
                      CYBER CRIME

                  Cyber crime is a criminal activity in which computers are used to do crime. Most of the
                  cyber crimes are carried out in order to gain personal profit. Some people break security only to
                  check their skills.
                  Types of Cyber Crimes

                  There are various types of cyber crimes. Some of them are as follows:
                      Data Diddling: Refers to the process of changing the data going into or out of a computer.
                     For example, a student breaks into his/her university grade recording system and changes the
                     grades he/she earned in last semester or class, thus raising his/her grade point average.

                      Phreaking: This crime is committed against telephone companies by using computers with
                     the goal of making free distance calls, impersonating directory assistance or other operator
                     services, diverting calls to numbers of the perpetrator’s choice, or tapping phone lines.
                      Cloning: This refers to a fraud in which scanners are used to steal the electronic serial numbers
                     of cellular phones, which may be used for billing purposes and making broadcast calls. With
                     stolen serial numbers, clones can be made to make free calls that are billed to the owner of
                     the original cell phone.
                      Carding: This refers to the process of stealing credit card numbers online, to be resold or
                     used to charge merchandise against victim’s account.
                       Hacking: It is the unauthorised access to computer system for the purpose of destroying the
                     system or stealing important information from the system. Hackers are people who break into
                     the other’s computer system to steal important data or to destroy it.

                       In general computer terms, we call them as white hats, black hats and grey hats. Hackers,
                     who are out to steal personal information, change an organization’s financial data, break
                     security codes to gain unauthorised network access, or conduct other destructive activities
                     are sometimes called “crackers.”
                       Cracking: Software cracking is considered illegal and cracked software is often called pirated
                     software. A cracker gets into all kinds of mischief, including breaking or “cracking” copy protection
                     on software programs, breaking into systems and causing harm, changing or stealing data.


                     Recap



                         Some of the popular e-mail service providers are Gmail, Yahoo Mail, etc.
                         The technique of watching the person while talking to him is called video conferencing.
                          Online chat refers to a communication in the form of small messages among the
                         computers over the Internet, just like SMS service on mobiles.




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