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FUNCTIONS

                  Functions are predefined formulas in Excel to perform both simple and complex calculations.
                  They accept arguments and return values. Arguments are input to the functions. These
                  arguments can be number or text. The values should be given in between opening and
                  closing ( ) parenthesis.
                  Rules for Using Functions

                      All Excel functions must begin with = sign.

                      Function name must be a valid Excel name.
                      Function must be followed by opening and closing parenthesis.

                      Most of the functions contain an argument within it.
                  Categories of Functions

                  Excel 2016 provides the following categories of functions:
                      Statistical Functions: Calculates the maximum, minimum, average, etc., of a set of numeric data.
                       Date and Time Functions: Calculates the day, month and year in a date and the hour, minute
                     and second in a particular time.

                       Mathematical Functions: Calculates the square root or absolute value of a number, product
                     of numbers etc.

                      Logical Functions: Compares conditions such as =IF(X>5) and give the result as true or false.
                       Text Functions: Performs a number of operations on strings (i.e. a collection of characters
                     like 'hello', 'friend', 'computer', etc.) such as finding the length of a string, joining two strings,
                     searching for one string inside another etc.

                  Let us discuss some of these categories in detail.
                  Mathematical Functions


                           Function                          Purpose                              Example
                                                                                       Input: =SUM(4,8,12,16)
                   SUM(range)                  It returns the sum of a range.
                                                                                       Output: 40
                                               It multiplies the values in a range of   Input: =PRODUCT(4,2,8)
                   PRODUCT(range)
                                               cells.                                  Output: 64
                                               It returns the remainder  after  a      Input: =MOD(8,5)
                   MOD(number, divisor)
                                               number is divided by the divisor.       Output: 3

                                               It returns the square  root of the      Input: =SQRT(81)
                   SQRT(number)
                                               given number.                           Output: 9
                                               It  rounds  number  down  to  the  Input: =INT(14.25)
                   INT(number)
                                               nearest integer value.                  Output: 14

                                               It  returns  the  result  of  a  number   Input: =POWER(5,3)
                   POWER(number, power)
                                               raised to some power.                   Output: 125



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