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5                           HELLO WORLD WITH CODE












                         Learning Outcomes

                       Introduction                                       What is a Programming Language?
                       Sorting the List—Selection Sort                    Getting used to Syntax

                       Variables and Data Types



                 INTRODUCTION

                 In the previous chapter you had learned that computers use programming to do a variety of
                 tasks. In this chapter, you are going to learn more about programming language and its uses.

                 WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
                 A program is a set of instructions which are given to a computer to perform a task. As

                 computers cannot understand the language which we speak, to interact with computers, we
                 need a language which the computer understands and is called a programming language.

                 A  programming language  is a computer language  which  is used  by  programmers to
                 communicate with  computers. It can be defined  as a set of instructions  written in  any
                 specific computer language to perform a specific task. Computers only understand binary
                 strings of 1s and 0s.

                 Earlier computers were programmed by changing ones and zeros manually. All modern
                 programming languages, are made up of a series of syntax and symbols which act as a
                 bridge and translate human thoughts into instructions which computers can understand.

                 Low Level vs. High Level Programming Language

                            Comparison                       Low level language              High level language

                  Machine friendly language           Yes                                    No
                  Programmer friendly language No                                            Yes

                  Memory efficient                    High                                   Less
                  Machine dependent                   Yes                                    No

                  Easy to understand                  No                                     Yes
                  Portable                            No                                     Yes
                  Example                             Machine language, Assembly  C, C++, Java, Python

                                                      language

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