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1                        CONDITIONALS IN DETAILS












                         Learning Outcomes

                      Introduction                                             Types of Control Structures
                      Understanding IF-ELSE and ELSE-IF Statements             Logical Operators

                      Relational Operators                                     Precedence of Logical Operators





                 INTRODUCTION

                 In programming, the flow of the program is a very important aspect. If controlled correctly,
                 a program can be made highly efficient. In this chapter, you are going to learn about the
                 flow of program.

                 TYPES OF CONTROL STRUCTURES

                 Control structure is a coding construct that is used to decide the flow of a program based
                 on the parameters given to it. Usually, a control structure accepts and analyses a variable to
                 make a decision on which direction to proceed. So, the control structure is a basic decision-

                 making process in computing.

                 The three basic types of control structures are:
                    Sequential: Statements in a program are executed sequentially or step-by-step in an
                     order in which the instructions are written.
                    Selection/Conditional: It is used to test a condition in a program. It takes decision to
                     execute one statement/operation over another statement/operation depending on the
                     condition.
                    Iteration: It  executes set of  statements for a certain number  of  times till  the  given
                     condition is true. Example: Loops

                 On the basis of the above three control structures, programming has derived many types
                 of control statements to suit different needs.

                 UNDERSTANDING IF-ELSE AND ELSE-IF STATEMENTS

                 Every day, you take many decisions depending on the situation. For example, if you are
                 given a number and you need to check if the number is even or odd, you will check this by
                 dividing the number with 2. If the remainder is 1, the number is odd and if the remainder is
                 0, then the number is even.


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