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u Scalar Matrix: A matrix in which all the diagonal elements are equal and all other elements are zero is known as a
scalar matrix. For example:
40 0
A 04 0
00 4
3 x 3
u Unit Matrix: A matrix in which all the diagonal elements are 1 and all other elements are zero is called as a unit matrix.
It is also called as an identity matrix. For example:

1 0 0
A 0 1 0
00 1
3 x 3
u Upper Triangular Matrix: It is a square matrix where all the elements below the diagonal are equal to 0. For example:

 13 2 
 
A  06 4 
 
 00 2  3 x 3

u Lower Triangular Matrix: It is a square matrix where all the elements above the diagonal are equal to 0. For example:

 1 0 0 

A 9 4 0  

  37 5   3 x 3

AI TASK 21 st
Century #Problem Solving & Logical Reasoning
Given the following matrix, identify the following elements: Skills

7 6 5
A 40 2
38 10
1. a 2. a 3. a 31
23
11

BRAINY We all know that computer understands data only in the form of binary/hexadecimal
FACT numbers. Then, how are images processed by computers?

Applications of Matrices in AI

Matrices are used throughout the field of machine learning for computing. Some of the key applications of matrices
in AI are:

u Sales forecasting and price prediction: Matrices are used to represent relevant predictor and response variables.
u Image processing: Digital images can be represented using matrices. In the following figure, each box is and appears
transparent or represented in the corresponding matrix with either a 1 or a 0. A zero means the box contains nothing
white, while a one indicates that the box is filled (in this case it is filled with black).

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