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4. Describe the different types of joins with diagrams.
Ans. There are four types of joins:
● Inner Join: Those records are selected that have matching values in both tables. In an inner join, only
those tuples that satisfy the matching condition are included, while the remaining tuples are excluded.
Syntax: SELECT table1.column1, table1.column2, table2.column1, ....
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
where table1: First table, table2: Second table and matching_column: Column common to both the tables.

● Left Outer Join: This join returns all records from the left table, and the matching records from the
right table.
Syntax: SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1

LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
● Right Outer Join: It returns all records from the right table, and the matching records from the left table.
Syntax: SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;

● Full Outer Join: Combines the result of both LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN. It returns all records which
match in either left or right table.
Syntax: SELECT table1.column1,table1.column2,table2.column1,....
FROM table1
FULL OUTER JOIN table2

ON table1.matching_column = table2.matching_column;
5. List any two applications of vectors.
Ans. a. Representing data points: Each data point in a dataset is typically represented as a vector. For
example, a house with features like number of rooms, size, and price can be represented as a vector
[rooms, size, price]. This format allows algorithms to process and analyse data mathematically.
b. Feature vectors in image, text and audio processing: In fields like computer vision or natural
language processing (NLP), raw data (like images or text) is converted into numerical feature
vectors. These vectors help in comparing, clustering, or classifying images, texts, or audio based
on similarity.

21 st
C. Competency-based questions: HOTS Century #Interdisciplinary
Skills
Assertion and Reasoning questions:
Direction: Questions 1-2, consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R). Answer these questions by
selecting the appropriate option given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.

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