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u Follow the snake_case convention for variable names and function names. This means using all lowercase letters with
words separated by underscores. For example: my_variable, calculate_sum.
u Follow the PascalCase convention for class names. This means capitalising the first letter of each word, without
underscores. For example: MyClass, BankAccount.
u Use all uppercase letters with underscores to denote constants. For example: MAX_SIZE, PI.

Literals
Literals in Python represent fixed values that are used directly in the code. They can be of several types:
u Numeric literals: Represented as integers, floating-point numbers, or complex numbers. Examples: 42, 3.14, 1 + 2j.
u String literals: Represented as sequences of characters enclosed in single, double, or triple quotes. Examples: 'hello',
"world", '''multiline string'''.
u Boolean literals: Represented as True or False.
u None literal: Represented as None that indicates the absence of a value.

Operators

In Python, operators can be defined as special symbols which perform arithmetic and logical computation. The values
which the operators use to get the output are called operands.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division,
modulus, exponentiation, and floor division.

Operator Description
+ Adds two operands or unary plus

- Subtracts right operand from left operand or unary minus
* Multiplies two operands
/ Divides left operand by right operand
% Returns the remainder of the division

// Performs floor division (a division that results in whole number adjusted to the left in the
number line)
** Performs exponentiation (left operand raised to the power of right operand)

Program 5: To demonstrate the use of arithmetic operators

#The input() function returns a string
#So we use the int() function to convert the strings to integers

num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
# Perform arithmetic operations
addition = num1 + num2

subtraction = num1 - num2
multiplication = num1 * num2
division = num1 / num2
modulus = num1 % num2
exponentiation = num1 ** num2

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