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    E:\Working\Orange_Education\TouchPad_Maths_4\Open_Files\Chap_02\Chap_02
                 \ 10-Nov-2025  Bharat Arora   Proof-8                                     Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

                SuBtRACtioN

                Subtraction means to find out what is left or what is the difference?

                 •   The number from which we subtract is called the                             H T O
                        minuend.                                                                 5 7 8        Minuend
                 •   The number which is subtracted is called the subtrahend.                –   3 2 5        Subtrahend

                 •   The answer  that we get  on subtracting  one  number                        2 5 3
                        from another is called the difference.                                                Difference

                Properties of Subtraction

                    1.  If we subtract zero (0) from a number, the difference is the number itself.

                        a.       T O                  b.       H T O                  c.       Th  H T O
                                 5 3                           2 7 9                            1  3 4 2
                              –      0      Same            –         0      Same           –             0      Same

                                 5 3                           2 7 9                            1  3 4 2

                  2.  If we subtract 1 from a number, the difference is the predecessor of the number.

                        a.       T O                  b.      H T O                   c.     Th   H T O
                                  7 5                         2 1 9                           3   6 4 3

                              –      1       Predecessor   –          1       Predecessor  –             1       Predecessor
                                  7 4                         2 1 8                           3   6 4 2

                  3.  If we subtract a number from itself, the difference is always zero (0).

                        a.       T O                  b.      H T O                   c.     Th   H T O

                                 3 6                          1 6 9                           2   5 7 6
                              –  3 6                       –  1 6 9                       –   2   5 7 6

                                 0 0                          0 0 0                           0  0 0 0

                Subtraction with Regrouping

                Subtracting 4-digit Numbers                         A Pinch of history

                Example 1. 9845 – 3689 = ?                          In ancient Egypt, ‘+’ was symbolised as the
                                                                    sign of moving forward; while the minus (-)
                Solution. Write the numbers in columns  sign was represented as the sign of moving
                and subtract starting from the ones                 backwards. Johannes Widmann introduced
                place. Regroup if necessary.                        the symbols ‘+’ and ‘–’ in 1489.

                       32        Mathematics 4

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