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    E:\Working\Orange_Education\TouchPad_Maths_4\Open_Files\Chap_03\Chap_03
                 \ 10-Nov-2025  Bharat Arora   Proof-8                                     Reader’s Sign _______________________ Date __________

                MulTiPliCATion By 1-DiGiT nuMBErS

                We can multiply a number by a 1-digit number in different ways.

                Example 1. Multiply 243 by 6.

                Solution. Vertical Method

                Step 1.   Multiply 6 by the ones digit          Step 2.   Multiply 6 by the tens digit of the
                          of the number.                                  number.
                    3 × 6  = 18 ones               H T O        4 × 6 = 24 tens                               H T O
                          = 1 ten 8 ones               1        24 tens + 1 ten (carried over)                 2  1
                                                   2 4 3                                                      2 4 3
                Write 8 in the ones             ×         6     = 25 tens = 2 hundreds 5 tens              ×          6

                place and carry 1 to                            Write 5 in the tens place and
                the tens column.                          8     carry 2 to the hundreds column.                   5 8
                Step 3.  Multiply 6 by the hundreds digit of the number.                                 Th   H T O

                                  6 × 2 = 12 hundreds                                                         2   1

                       12 hundreds + 2 hundreds (carried over)                                                2 4 3
                                         = 14 hundreds = 1 thousand 4 hundreds                         ×             6

                Write 4 in the hundreds place and 1 in the thousands place.                               1   4 5 8
                Box Multiplication Method

                Step 1.  Write the expanded form of 243                ×        200                40             3
                           and 6 along different blocks as             6
                           shown.

                Step 2.  Multiply  each by  6 and write                ×        200                40             3
                           the products as shown.                      6 200 × 6 = 1200 40 × 6 = 240 3 × 6 = 18

                Step 3.  Now, add the products.                                    1200 + 240 + 18 = 1458
                Therefore, 243 × 6 = 1458.

                Example 2. Multiply 1235 by 4.
                Solution.

                Step 1.  Write 1235 in the expanded form               ×    1000         200         30           5
                           and 4 along different blocks as             4
                           shown.

                Step 2.  Multiply each by 4 and write the
                           products as shown.                          ×    1000         200         30           5
                Step 3.  Now, add the products.                        4 1000 × 4  200 × 4         30 × 4       5 × 4
                                                                                        = 800
                                                                                                    = 120
                                                                                                                = 20
                                                                           = 4000
                Therefore, 1235 × 4 = 4940.                                   4000 + 800 + 120 + 20 = 4940

                       46        Mathematics 4

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