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SuBtRACtioN

Subtraction means to find out what is left or what is the difference?

• The number from which we subtract is called the H T O
minuend. 5 7 8 Minuend
• The number which is subtracted is called the subtrahend. – 3 2 5 Subtrahend

• The answer that we get on subtracting one number 2 5 3
from another is called the difference. Difference

Properties of Subtraction

1. If we subtract zero (0) from a number, the difference is the number itself.

a. T O b. H T O c. Th H T O
5 3 2 7 9 1 3 4 2
– 0 Same – 0 Same – 0 Same

5 3 2 7 9 1 3 4 2

2. If we subtract 1 from a number, the difference is the predecessor of the number.

a. T O b. H T O c. Th H T O
7 5 2 1 9 3 6 4 3

– 1 Predecessor – 1 Predecessor – 1 Predecessor
7 4 2 1 8 3 6 4 2

3. If we subtract a number from itself, the difference is always zero (0).

a. T O b. H T O c. Th H T O

3 6 1 6 9 2 5 7 6
– 3 6 – 1 6 9 – 2 5 7 6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Subtraction with Regrouping

Subtracting 4-digit Numbers A Pinch of history

Example 1. 9845 – 3689 = ? In ancient Egypt, ‘+’ was symbolised as the
sign of moving forward; while the minus (-)
Solution. Write the numbers in columns sign was represented as the sign of moving
and subtract starting from the ones backwards. Johannes Widmann introduced
place. Regroup if necessary. the symbols ‘+’ and ‘–’ in 1489.

32 Mathematics 4