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MulTiPliCATion By 1-DiGiT nuMBErS

We can multiply a number by a 1-digit number in different ways.

Example 1. Multiply 243 by 6.

Solution. Vertical Method

Step 1. Multiply 6 by the ones digit Step 2. Multiply 6 by the tens digit of the
of the number. number.
3 × 6 = 18 ones H T O 4 × 6 = 24 tens H T O
= 1 ten 8 ones 1 24 tens + 1 ten (carried over) 2 1
2 4 3 2 4 3
Write 8 in the ones × 6 = 25 tens = 2 hundreds 5 tens × 6

place and carry 1 to Write 5 in the tens place and
the tens column. 8 carry 2 to the hundreds column. 5 8
Step 3. Multiply 6 by the hundreds digit of the number. Th H T O

6 × 2 = 12 hundreds 2 1

12 hundreds + 2 hundreds (carried over) 2 4 3
= 14 hundreds = 1 thousand 4 hundreds × 6

Write 4 in the hundreds place and 1 in the thousands place. 1 4 5 8
Box Multiplication Method

Step 1. Write the expanded form of 243 × 200 40 3
and 6 along different blocks as 6
shown.

Step 2. Multiply each by 6 and write × 200 40 3
the products as shown. 6 200 × 6 = 1200 40 × 6 = 240 3 × 6 = 18

Step 3. Now, add the products. 1200 + 240 + 18 = 1458
Therefore, 243 × 6 = 1458.

Example 2. Multiply 1235 by 4.
Solution.

Step 1. Write 1235 in the expanded form × 1000 200 30 5
and 4 along different blocks as 4
shown.

Step 2. Multiply each by 4 and write the
products as shown. × 1000 200 30 5
Step 3. Now, add the products. 4 1000 × 4 200 × 4 30 × 4 5 × 4
= 800
= 120
= 20
= 4000
Therefore, 1235 × 4 = 4940. 4000 + 800 + 120 + 20 = 4940

46 Mathematics 4