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Parallelogram: A parallelogram is a quadrilateral

in which opposite sides are parallel and equal. D C
Here, ABCD is a parallelogram. In a parallelogram: O

• Opposite sides are equal and parallel.

A B
• Opposite angles are equal.
• The diagonals bisect each other.

rectangle: A rectangle is a parallelogram in which all the angles Z Y

are 90°. Here, WXYZ is a rectangle. In a rectangle:
O
• Opposite sides are equal and parallel.

• All the angles are right angles (90°).
W X
• The diagonals are equal and bisect each other.

Square: A square is a rectangle where all the sides are equal. S R

Here, PQRS is a square. In a square:

• All the sides are equal.
O
• All the angles are right angles (90°).
P Q
• The diagonals are equal and bisect at right angles.

rhombus: A rhombus is a parallelogram in which all the sides are equal,
but the angles are not necessarily 90°. Here, ABCD is a rhombus. D C

In a rhombus:
O
• All the sides are equal.

• Opposite angles are equal. A B
• The diagonals bisect each other at right angles but are not equal.

Trapezium (or Trapezoid): A trapezium has one pair of S R

opposite sides that are parallel. Here, PQRS is a trapezium.

In a trapezium,
• Only one pair of opposite sides are parallel.
P Q
• The non-parallel sides are called legs. D C

• A trapezium is called an isosceles trapezium

if its non-parallel sides are equal. Here, ABCD is an
isosceles trapezium because AD = BC.
A B

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Geometry