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We can see that the dots for these numbers can be arranged in pairs. Such numbers
are called even numbers.

A number that ends with the digit 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 is called
an even number.
Even numbers are divisible by 2.

24, 612, 8760, 30498, etc. are examples of even numbers.
Now, consider the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.

1 3 5 7 9

We can see that the dots for these numbers cannot be arranged in pairs.
Such numbers are called odd numbers.

The numbers that are not divisible by 2 or end with the digit 1, 3, 5, 7 or
9 are called odd numbers.

43, 795, 8767, 3679, etc. are examples of odd numbers.

example 1. Encircle the even numbers.
234, 125, 782, 100, 345, 679

Solution. Check the numbers whose ones digit is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 and encircle them.
234, 125, 782, 100, 345, 679

example 2. Encircle the odd numbers.
1234, 351, 128, 673, 489, 10237
Solution. Check the numbers whose ones digit is 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 and encircle them.

1234, 351, 128, 673, 489, 10237

Arranging dots
Observe the paired arrangements of 12 and 23.

Paired arrangement of 12 Paired arrangement of 23

If we add 2 dots to 12, we again get all the dots in pairs. If we add 2 dots to 23, we
again get one unpaired dot. Similarly, if we add any number of paired dots to either
of these arrangements, it will not change their parity.
That is: even + even = even, odd + even = odd

40 Mathematics 5