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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
                    01















                      Your Aim

                      to learn about:
                              Early Counting Tools                          Abacus— First Calculating Device
                               Pascaline Adding Machine                        Leibniz Step Reckoner
                                  Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine           Lady Ada Lovelace’s Programs

                                   Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine         Computer Generations


                 Dear Students! You have learnt about computers in your previous class.
                 Computer is a familiar word for you today. But have you ever thought ‘Who invented
                 the computer?’ This machine is an outcome of labour of a number of minds. No
                 particular  person  can be credited  with  the  invention of computers,  but  several

                 names stand out in the crowd.
                    EARLY COUNTING TOOLS


                 Since ancient times, people have invented tools for calculations. Early man tied
                 knots in a rope and carved marks on clay in order to keep the records. They also
                 used to count with the help of fingers, toes, pebbles, stones, sticks, bones, etc.












                                                        Early Counting Tools

                    ABACUS— FIRST CALCULATING DEVICE

                 The first step towards computing was the invention of Abacus around
                 3000 years ago, in China. It is a wooden frame with beads on parallel
                 wires which can do simple calculations like addition and subtraction.
                 This device is used to calculate numbers at a fast speed.                                 Abacus


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