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Information on the Web is stored in the form of Web pages. A Web page is a hypertext document.
A collection of related web pages is called a website. Websites are hosted on Web servers. A Web
server is an Internet host computer that often stores thousands of individual Web pages. Posting
a Web page onto a server is called publishing the Web page. This process is also called uploading.
HOW DOES THE WEB WORK?
Web documents can be linked together because they are created in a format known as hypertext.
Hypertext provides an easy way to manage large collections of data, which can include text files,
pictures, sounds, movies and more. To support hypertext documents, the Web uses a special
protocol, called the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It allows a document’s author to
embed hypertext links— also called hyperlinks or just links in the document. HTTP and hypertext
links are the foundations of the World Wide Web.
USING WEB BROWSER
For several years, the Web remained a tool used by scientific researchers. But in 1993, developers
at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) created Mosaic, a point and
click Web browser. A Web browser is a software application designed to find hypertext
documents on the Web and then open the documents on the user’s computer. Commonly used
web browsers are Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Safari etc.
Launching Your Browser
3
You need to connect to the Internet before launching the browser.
Once you have established a connection, launch your browser by
following the given steps:
Step 1 Click on search box.
Step 2 Type the web browser name like microsoft edge.
Step 3 Click on Microsoft Edge. The Microsoft Edge window will
appear.
1 2
USING URLS Launching a Web browser
You have learnt in the previous class that every Web page has a unique address, called a Uniform
Resource Locator, or URL. URLs help you to navigate the web. When you provide a URL to the
browser, the browser finds that URL’s Web page and then transfers the Web page to your PC.
The content of the web page then appears in the Web browser window. You can specify a URL in
several ways, but two methods are commonly used. Let us discuss about them.
Using Address Bar
Type the URL in the browser’s Address bar and press the Enter key from the keyboard.
Suppose, you want to visit the Google. To do this, you can type www.google.com in the Address
bar and then press Enter key. The home page of Google opens.
Using Hyperlink
A hyperlink is simply a part of the Web page that is linked to a URL. A hyperlink can appear as
text, an image, or a navigational tool such as a button or an arrow. You can click a hyperlink and
jump from your present location to the URL specified by the hyperlink. Hyperlinked text usually
looks different from normal text on a Web page. It is often underlined, but can be formatted in
a number of ways.
Internet and E-Mail 63

