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07                                                    INTERNET AND E-MAIL












                                Your Aim

                                to learn about:
                                        The Internet                            World Wide Web
                                        How Does the Web Work?                    Using Web Browser
                                         Using URLs                                 E-Mail
                                           Emoticons and Acronyms



                  As we know that the Internet is a computer network that connects hosts and systems throughout
                  the world. In this chapter, we will learn about the Internet and e-mail service of the Internet in detail.

                      THE INTERNET

                  The seed of the Internet was planted in 1969 when the Advanced Research Projects Agency
                  (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense began connecting computers at different
                  universities and defense contractors.  The resulting network  was called  Advanced  Research
                  Projects Agency Network (ARPANET).
                  In the beginning, ARPANET was a large network serving only a handful of users, but it expanded
                  rapidly.  Initially, the  network  included  four  primary  host  computers.  By 1971,  the  network
                  accommodated 15 nodes. The Internet acts as a carrier for several different services, each with
                  its own distinct features and purposes. The most commonly used Internet services are: World
                  Wide Web, electronic mail, news, file transfer protocol, chat, instant messaging, online services
                  and peer-to-peer services. January  1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the Internet.
                  Earlier the computer networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each other. A
                  new communications protocol was established in 1970 named Transmission Control Protocol/
                  Internet Protocol  (TCP/IP).  The  TCP/IP allows computers  connected  to  different  networks
                  communicate with each other. It was adopted as protocol standard for ARPANET in 1983.

                      WORLD WIDE WEB

                  The World  Wide Web (www)  is a  large  information  system where  you  can  surf  and  get
                  information. It consists  of several public and private websites which may be interlinked and
                  accessible over the Internet worldwide. WWW is also known as Web. Many people believe that
                  the World Wide Web and the Internet are the same thing, but this is not correct. In fact, these are
                  two different things. The Web is a service (a system for accessing information) that is supported
                  by the Internet, a system of interconnected networks.


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