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Compiler
A compiler is a program that converts the entire source program written in a high-level
programming language into machine language all at once before running it. It compiles the
entire code and provides a list of errors for the whole program after the compilation process is
complete.
Interpreter
An interpreter is a program that converts a source program into machine language one statement
at a time as it runs. Unlike a compiler, which translates the entire program before execution, an
interpreter translates and executes each statement line by line. It shows errors one at a time, and
typically, it stops execution until the current error is fixed before moving on to the next line.
Utility Software
Utility software comes with the operating system or can be installed separately. It helps manage the
computer's hardware, operating system, and application software. Here are some examples:
Backup Utility
This software creates backup copies of files to prevent data loss in emergencies. For example,
Windows Backup and Restore is the default backup tool in the Windows operating system.
Data Compression Program
This software reduces the size of large files, making them easier
to store and transfer. For example, WinZip and WinRAR are
popular tools for compressing files.
Disk Defragmenter
A computer's memory is divided into small blocks. Files are saved in continuous blocks on the
hard disk. When a file is deleted, the space it occupies becomes free. New files are saved in the
first available free space. Over time, files get scattered in different places, which can slow down
the computer. The Disk Defragmenter reorganises these scattered files into continuous blocks
to make the computer run faster.
Disk Cleanup
Disk cleanup is a process used to free up space on your
computer's hard drive by removing unnecessary files. This
can help improve performance and create more space for
important files.
Virus Scanner
It is used to scan the computer for viruses among files and folders. It
scans the disk each time you insert it into a computer or whenever the
computer is booted. It is also called antivirus software. Quick Heal,
Norton, etc., are examples of this software.
Types of Software 9

