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Imagine, computer networks as highways in the sky. What vehicles would travel
                                   on these highways and what destinations would they reach?




                    PROTOCOL

                 Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between the computers on a network.
                 Certain network protocols and standards must be followed in order to ensure that your computer
                 can communicate with another computer over a network.
                 Different types of protocols used for different operations on the Internet are:
                    Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): It is a set of rules that defines how the web pages
                    transfer data over the Internet.

                    Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): It is secure version of HTTP. The information
                    is converted into code to prevent unauthorised access. Nowadays, most of the websites use
                    the HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP.
                    File Transfer Protocol (FTP): It is a set of rules that allows file uploading and downloading
                    from the other computers over the Internet.
                    Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): It is a network protocol that
                    defines how the information or messages are routed from one end of a network to the other.

                    Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3): It is an Internet standard protocal that allows e-mail
                    clients to retrieve e-mail messages from an e-mail server.
                    Internet Message Access  Protocol  (IMAP): It is  an e-mail protocol  that  stores e-mail
                    messages on a mail server and allows the user to view, access and manipulate the messages
                    on the mail server from their computer.

                    Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): It is an e-mail protocol for sending e-mail messages
                    across the Internet.

                    Recap


                         A computer network means a system of interconnected computers.
                         The components needed for a network are Network Interface Card, networking cable,
                        hub or a switch and router.
                         Various types of topologies used in a network are bus, star, tree, ring and mesh.
                         There are two types of computer network architectures – peer-to-peer network and
                        client-server network.
                         It is the most popular wireless communication technology used for homes, private
                        business LANs and public hotspots.
                         Bluetooth is a technology that enables wireless communication between low-power
                        consumption devices within a short range.
                         Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between the computers
                        over a network.



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