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Imagine, computer networks as highways in the sky. What vehicles would travel
on these highways and what destinations would they reach?
PROTOCOL
Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between the computers on a network.
Certain network protocols and standards must be followed in order to ensure that your computer
can communicate with another computer over a network.
Different types of protocols used for different operations on the Internet are:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): It is a set of rules that defines how the web pages
transfer data over the Internet.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): It is secure version of HTTP. The information
is converted into code to prevent unauthorised access. Nowadays, most of the websites use
the HTTPS protocol instead of HTTP.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): It is a set of rules that allows file uploading and downloading
from the other computers over the Internet.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): It is a network protocol that
defines how the information or messages are routed from one end of a network to the other.
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3): It is an Internet standard protocal that allows e-mail
clients to retrieve e-mail messages from an e-mail server.
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): It is an e-mail protocol that stores e-mail
messages on a mail server and allows the user to view, access and manipulate the messages
on the mail server from their computer.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): It is an e-mail protocol for sending e-mail messages
across the Internet.
Recap
A computer network means a system of interconnected computers.
The components needed for a network are Network Interface Card, networking cable,
hub or a switch and router.
Various types of topologies used in a network are bus, star, tree, ring and mesh.
There are two types of computer network architectures – peer-to-peer network and
client-server network.
It is the most popular wireless communication technology used for homes, private
business LANs and public hotspots.
Bluetooth is a technology that enables wireless communication between low-power
consumption devices within a short range.
Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between the computers
over a network.
Computer Networking 13

