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Binary Representation of Information
Binary code is the most basic form of data that a computer can directly interpret. Computers
use binary code, composed of 1s and 0s, to store and process data. These 1s and 0s represent
electrical signals: ON for 1 and OFF for 0. For instance, the number 5 is stored as 0101 in binary.
Binary numbers can also represent text characters through the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange (ASCII). For example, the binary code for the ASCII uppercase letter 'A'
is 1000001.
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ASCII is made up of 128 symbols in the character set. These symbols consist of letters
(both uppercase and lowercase), numbers, punctuation marks, special characters and control
characters.
CONDITIONS IN A PROGRAM
While writing a program, we need to make certain decisions based on the logic of the program.
Such situations are called conditions. Conditional statements are used in a program to instruct the
computer to make a decision. The result of a condition will always be either True or False.
Start
IF (Condition)
True to be checked False
Statements inside IF Statements inside ELSE
block will execute block will execute
Stop
if-then-else
The program executes the statements written
inside the IF block when the condition is True. If Monarch butterflies migrate thou-
sands of miles by using environmental
the condition is False, the statements written inside
cues and internal compasses, similar
the else block will be executed. A block refers to a
to navigation algorithms that use data
section of code that is grouped together.
and maps to find optimal routes.
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