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                       If the last digit of a binary number is 1, the number is odd; if it is 0, the number is even.
                       For Example:
                           1101 represents an odd number (13)

                           10010 represents an even number (18)




                  The positional value of each digit in binary number is twice the place value or face value of the
                  digit of its right side. The weight of each position in a binary number is a power of 2.

                  The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:


                            Position       3         2          1         0                   –1        –2
                                                                                    •
                            Weights        2 3       2 2       2 1       2 0                 2 –1       2 –2



                  Octal Number System

                  The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the base of octal number
                  system is 8. In this system, the position of each digit represents a power of 8. For example, (345)₈
                  is an octal number. Octal makes long binary numbers shorter and simpler. The place value of

                  digits according to the position and weight is as follows:


                                 Position       2          1         0                   –1        –2
                                                                               •
                                  Weight        8 2       8 1       8 0                 8 –1      8 –2


                  Hexadecimal Number System

                  The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A to

                  F represent decimal numbers from 10 to 15. The base of this number system is 16. Each digit
                  position in hexadecimal number system represents a power of 16. For example, the number
                  (764)  is a hexadecimal number. The place value of the digits according to position and weight
                       16
                  is as follows:


                                 Position       2          1         0                   –1        –2
                                                                               •
                                  Weight       16 2       16 1      16 0                16 –1     16 –2








               10       Plus (Ver. 3.2)-VII
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