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                                             Introduction to MySQL




                  MySQL is an open-source RDBMS software which is available free of cost.  It can run on all
                  operating systems, including Linux, Unix and Windows. It is popular for web-based applications
                  and online publishing. It uses a query language called SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL
                  is the standard language for managing relational databases and performing various operations
                  on the data in the tables. It would enable us to store, retrieve, and manipulate data in the form
                  of tables.
                  SQL is a high-level interactive language that allows users to specify what is required to be done
                  in the form of queries. Unlike other high-level languages, we do not need to specify how the SQL
                  operations are implemented.


                   i +  TYPES OF SQL COMMANDS

                  SQL uses various commands to perform different operations on a database.

                  Data Definition Language (DDL)

                  A Data Definition Language or Data Description Language  (DDL) is a standard for commands
                  that define the different structures in a database. DDL statements create, modify and remove
                  database objects such as tables, indexes and users. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER,
                  TRUNCATE, RENAME and DROP.
                  Data Manipulation Language (DML)

                  A Data Manipulation language (DML) is a language that enables users to retrieve, update, insert
                  and delete data in a database. Common DML statements are SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT INTO and
                  DELETE.

                  Data Control Language (DCL)

                  A Data Control Language is a language that has various commands which are used to grant and
                  take back authority from any database user. Some DCL statements are Grant and Revoke.

                  Transaction Control Language (TCL)

                  A Transaction Control Language is a language that has various commands which are used to
                  manage transactions in the database. These are used to manage the changes made by DML-
                  statements. Some TCL statements are Commit, Savepoint and Rollback.


                   i +  DATA TYPES IN SQL

                  A data type defines a sort of value that a column will contain. In a database table, every column
                  must have a name and data type.



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